Bond Length, Strength, and Order Flashcards

Effect of atomic size, hybridization, and resonance

1
Q

The distance between the nuclei bond

A

Bond Length

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2
Q

How is Bond Length determined experimentally?

A

X-Ray diffraction or Analysis of Molecular Spectra

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3
Q

Who?

Elucidate the double helix structure of DNA

Through photo 51

A

Rosalind Franklin

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4
Q

What is the unit of Bond Length?

A

Angstrom

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5
Q

Orbital

What is required to form a covalent bond?

A

Overlapping orbital

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6
Q

High or low?

At what level of energy does a molecule form a covalent bond in an optimal distance?

A

Low potential energy

At low potential energy, the molecule become stable

Repulsion occurs at high energy

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7
Q

Quantified by bond energy or bond dissociation energy

A

Bond Strength

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8
Q

It is the energy required to break a chemical bond

A

Bond Strength

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9
Q

Bond Energy vs Bond Strength

The higher the bond energy,

A

the higher the bond strength

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10
Q

Effect of Atomic Size

The greater the size of overlap, the ____ the efficiency of the bond strength

A

higher

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11
Q

Which one has a stronger Bond Strength?

H - F or H - I

A

H - F

The atomic size of Flourine is smaller than Iodine

Distance between the nuclei of H and F is shorter

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12
Q

Which one has a longer Bond Length?

H - F or H - I

A

H - I

The atomic size of Iodine is larger than Iodine

Distance between the nuclei of H and I is longer

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13
Q

Bond Length vs Bond Strength

The longer the bond length,

A

the smaller the bond strength.

This relationship is helpful on diatomic molecules

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14
Q

Which one has a stronger Bond Strength?

C-C or H - H

A

H - H

The atomic size of H is smaller than C

Overlapping of valence orbital is more efficient

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15
Q

Which one has a longer Bond Length?

C - C or H - H

A

C - C

The atomic size of C is bigger than H

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16
Q

Effect of hybridization

The higher the s-character

A

the shorter the BL; the higher the BS

BL = Bond Length, BS = Bond Strength

17
Q

Effect of hybridization

The higher the p-character

A

the longer the BL; the lower the BS

BL = Bond Length, BS = Bond Strength

18
Q

The number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms

A

Bond Order

19
Q

What is the formula for getting Bond Order (BO)?

A

BO = (no. of bonds orginating from ref. atom)/(no. of outer atoms)

20
Q

What is the value of Bond Order of a Resonance?

A

A fraction number

21
Q

Bond Order vs Bond Strength

The higher the Bond Order,

A

The higher the Bond Strength

22
Q

What makes Resonance higher in Bond Order than a non-Resonance molecule?

A

Resonance have partial double bond character

Note: Resonace is a stabilizer.

The higher the Bond Order, the higher the Bond Strength

23
Q

Higher or lower?

Resonance has a ____ bond strength

A

higher

24
Q

Bond Order vs Bond Length

The higher the Bond Order,

A

the shorter the Bond Length

25
Q

Another proponent/s for X-ray Diffraction

A

Watson and Crick