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Organic Chemistry Sir Maki > Basic Introduction I > Flashcards

Basic Introduction I Flashcards

This study section includes Electron Configuration, Lewis Dot Structure, Octet Rule and Chemical Bonding

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1
Q

True or False

The lower energy level, the more stable an atom.

A

True

Attaining lower energy will achieve Octet Rule (8 electrons)

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2
Q

It is the process of adding or taking away outer shell electrons to gain a closed shell configuration.

A

Chemical Bonding

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3
Q

3 Rules of Electron Configuration

A
  1. Aufbau (build up)
  2. Hund’s (multiple sub-orbitals)
  3. Pauli Exclusion (opposite spins)
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4
Q

Fill

In a neutral atom, the # of protons is similar to the # of ______

A

Electrons

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5
Q

What electrons participate in chemical bonding?

A

Valence electrons

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6
Q

Core electron is also called as

A

Kernel

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7
Q

No. of valence electron also represents

A

Atomic Group Number

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8
Q

What is the maximum number of valence electron found in an s-orbital?

A

Two (2)

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9
Q

What is the maximum number of valence electron found in an p-orbital?

A

Six (6)

Because it has 3 sub-orbitals (px, py, pz)

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10
Q

What is the rule’s name?

An atom requires full valence

A

Octet Rule

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11
Q

Are noble gases reactive or unreactive

A

Unreactive

Noble gases are unreactive because they are stable.

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12
Q

What is the most reactive group number in the periodic table?

A

Group VII

Flourine belongs to Group 7 which is the most reactive element.

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13
Q

How to identify the charge of an atom?

A

Count the number of protons, subtract the same number + the # it needs to attain Octet Rule.

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14
Q

What?

Positive Ion

A

Cation

This can be simply remembered by considering “t” as “+”

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15
Q

What?

Negative Ion

A

Anion

Prefix “an” means missing

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16
Q

Theory/Principle?

Atoms transfer or share electrons to gain filled valence shell of electrons

A

Lewis Bonding Theory

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17
Q

What is?

It is the transfer of electron to form ions

A

Ionic bonding

aka Electrovalent bonding

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18
Q

Who?

Proponent of Lewis Bonding Theory

A

Gilbert N. Lewis

Fact: Never won a Nobel prize

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19
Q

What type?

Rightmost part of P.T.

*P.T. = Periodic Table

A

Non-metals

20
Q

What type?

Leftmost part of P.T.

*P.T. = Periodic Table

A

Metals

21
Q

What type?

Low electronegativity elements

A

Metals

22
Q

What type?

High electronegativity elements

A

Non-metals

23
Q

Ion that is made of just one atom

A

Monoatomic Ion

24
Q

Ion that is made of two or more atom

A

Polyatomic Ion

25
Q

Compound is held together by what kind of force?

A

Electrostatic force

Ex: NH4NO4 contains all non-metal elements

26
Q

Trivia

What causes the Beirut explosion on August 4, 2020?

A

Detonation of ammonium nitrate

2 NH4NO3(s) –> 2 N2(g) + 4 H2O(g) + O2(g)

27
Q

What is the structure of ionic compund?

A

Crystalline structure

28
Q

The transfer of electrons is from___ to ___

A

Metal to nonmetal

29
Q

True or False

The transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal should be one at a time.

A

True

One at a time until the non-metal element achieve its octet state.

30
Q

Sharing of electrons bonding

A

Covalent/ Molecular Bonding

It happens between two non-metals. Organic molecules are joined by this.

31
Q

What type of covalent bond?

Shared by two identical non-metals and equal sharing of electrons occurs

A

Non-Polar Covalent

aka Pure covalent bond

32
Q

Why covalent bonding happens?

A

Because of Carbon

C has 4 ve- that is better shared than transfered to spend less energy.

33
Q

What is the thermodynamic penalty?

A

High ionization energy requirement

Like the ionization energy requirement of Cabon (4+) to achieve octet.

34
Q

What do you call to unshared electrons?

A

Lone pairs

35
Q

Single covalent bond is called ____

A

Sigma bond

36
Q

Also represent a structure but with no visible lone pairs; only line bonds

A

Kekule Structure

37
Q

Trivia

Kekule’s inspiration for the structure of benzene is the ____

by Friedrich August Kekule

A

ouroboros

A serpent eating its own tail

38
Q

Common compound

CH3COCH3

A

Acetone

Domestic use: Nail polish remover

39
Q

Double bond consists of ___ and __

A

1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond

40
Q

Trivia

A chemical used in poisoning detected by its scent of bitter almonds

A

Cyanide

41
Q

Trivia

A chemical used by the Gas chamebers at Majdanek concentration camp Soviets in January 1945 at Auschwitz

A

B canisters cyanide

42
Q

Triple bond consists of ___ and __

A

1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds

43
Q

Sharing by two different non-metals and partial ionic charges occurs

A

Polar covalent bond

44
Q

What is the bond of C-H?

A

Non-Polar

45
Q

Is Hydrogen (H) a metal or nonmental?

A

Nonmetal

It only belongs to Group IA because of its electron configuration.

46
Q

Trivia

It is used as solvent for removing paint or epoxy.

A

Methylene Chloride

Formula: CH2Cl2

47
Q

Chemical produced by ants that cause sting effect

A

Formic Acid

Formula: HCOOH

Comes from the word formica

Organic Chemistry Sir Maki (6 decks)

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