Basic Introduction I

Question 1

True or False

The lower energy level, the more stable an atom.

Answer 1

True

Attaining lower energy will achieve Octet Rule (8 electrons)

Question 2

It is the process of adding or taking away outer shell electrons to gain a closed shell configuration.

Answer 2

Chemical Bonding

Question 3

3 Rules of Electron Configuration

Answer 3

1. Aufbau (build up)
2. Hund’s (multiple sub-orbitals)
3. Pauli Exclusion (opposite spins)

Question 4

Fill

In a neutral atom, the # of protons is similar to the # of ______

Answer 4

Electrons

Question 5

What electrons participate in chemical bonding?

Answer 5

Valence electrons

Question 6

Core electron is also called as

Answer 6

Kernel

Question 7

No. of valence electron also represents

Answer 7

Atomic Group Number

Question 8

What is the maximum number of valence electron found in an s-orbital?

Answer 8

Two (2)

Question 9

What is the maximum number of valence electron found in an p-orbital?

Answer 9

Six (6)

Because it has 3 sub-orbitals (px, py, pz)

Question 10

What is the rule’s name?

An atom requires full valence

Answer 10

Octet Rule

Question 11

Are noble gases reactive or unreactive

Answer 11

Unreactive

Noble gases are unreactive because they are stable.

Question 12

What is the most reactive group number in the periodic table?

Answer 12

Group VII

Flourine belongs to Group 7 which is the most reactive element.

Question 13

How to identify the charge of an atom?

Answer 13

Count the number of protons, subtract the same number + the # it needs to attain Octet Rule.

Question 14

What?

Positive Ion

Answer 14

Cation

This can be simply remembered by considering “t” as “+”

Question 15

What?

Negative Ion

Answer 15

Anion

Prefix “an” means missing

Question 16

Theory/Principle?

Atoms transfer or share electrons to gain filled valence shell of electrons

Answer 16

Lewis Bonding Theory

Question 17

What is?

It is the transfer of electron to form ions

Answer 17

Ionic bonding

aka Electrovalent bonding

Question 18

Who?

Proponent of Lewis Bonding Theory

Answer 18

Gilbert N. Lewis

Fact: Never won a Nobel prize

Question 19

What type?

Rightmost part of P.T.

*P.T. = Periodic Table

Answer 19

Non-metals

Question 20

What type?

Leftmost part of P.T.

*P.T. = Periodic Table

Answer 20

Metals

Question 21

What type?

Low electronegativity elements

Answer 21

Metals

Question 22

What type?

High electronegativity elements

Answer 22

Non-metals

Question 23

Ion that is made of just one atom

Answer 23

Monoatomic Ion

Question 24

Ion that is made of two or more atom

Answer 24

Polyatomic Ion

Question 25

Compound is held together by what kind of force?

Answer 25

Electrostatic force | Ex: NH4NO4 contains all non-metal elements

Question 26

# Trivia What causes the Beirut explosion on August 4, 2020?

Answer 26

Detonation of **ammonium nitrate** | 2 **NH4NO3**(s) --> 2 N2(g) + 4 H2O(g) + O2(g)

Question 27

What is the structure of ionic compund?

Answer 27

Crystalline structure

Question 28

The transfer of electrons is from___ to ___

Answer 28

**Metal** to **nonmetal**

Question 29

# True or False The transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal should be one at a time.

Answer 29

True | One at a time until the non-metal element achieve its octet state.

Question 30

Sharing of electrons bonding

Answer 30

Covalent/ Molecular Bonding | It happens between two non-metals. Organic molecules are joined by this.

Question 31

# What type of covalent bond? Shared by two identical non-metals and equal sharing of electrons occurs

Answer 31

Non-Polar Covalent | aka Pure covalent bond

Question 32

Why covalent bonding happens?

Answer 32

Because of Carbon | C has 4 ve- that is better shared than transfered to spend less energy.

Question 33

What is the thermodynamic penalty?

Answer 33

High ionization energy requirement | Like the ionization energy requirement of Cabon (4+) to achieve octet.

Question 34

What do you call to unshared electrons?

Answer 34

Lone pairs

Question 35

Single covalent bond is called ____

Answer 35

Sigma bond

Question 36

Also represent a structure but with no visible lone pairs; only line bonds

Answer 36

Kekule Structure

Question 37

# Trivia Kekule's inspiration for the structure of benzene is the ____ | by Friedrich August Kekule

Answer 37

*ouroboros* | A serpent eating its own tail

Question 38

# Common compound CH3COCH3

Answer 38

Acetone | Domestic use: Nail polish remover

Question 39

Double bond consists of ___ and __

Answer 39

**1 sigma** bond and **1 pi** bond

Question 40

# Trivia A chemical used in poisoning detected by its scent of bitter almonds

Answer 40

Cyanide

Question 41

# Trivia A chemical used by the Gas chamebers at Majdanek concentration camp Soviets in January 1945 at Auschwitz

Answer 41

B canisters *cyanide*

Question 42

Triple bond consists of ___ and __

Answer 42

**1 sigma** bond and **2 pi** bonds

Question 43

Sharing by two different non-metals and partial ionic charges occurs

Answer 43

Polar covalent bond

Question 44

What is the bond of C-H?

Answer 44

Non-Polar

Question 45

Is Hydrogen (H) a metal or nonmental?

Answer 45

Nonmetal | It only belongs to Group IA because of its electron configuration.

Question 46

# Trivia It is used as solvent for removing paint or epoxy.

Answer 46

Methylene Chloride | Formula: CH2Cl2

Question 47

Chemical produced by ants that cause sting effect

Answer 47

Formic Acid | Formula: HCOOH ## Footnote Comes from the word *formica*