Basic Introduction II

Question 1

Determines the best Lewis Dot Structure of a molecule

Answer 1

Formal charge

Question 2

Where is the site of chemical reactivity?

Answer 2

Location of charges

Question 3

The equation of Formal charge

Answer 3

FC = “should” - “has”

should = group no.; has = directly attached to the atom

Question 4

What?

A carbon with positive charge

Answer 4

Carbocation

Question 5

What?

A carbon with negative charge

Answer 5

Carbanion

Question 6

What?

A carbon with lone pair of electron

Answer 6

Carbon radical

Question 7

How many covalent bond?

X (halogens)

Answer 7

One (1)

Question 8

How many covalent bond?

N (Nitrogen)

Answer 8

Three (3)

Question 9

How many covalent bond?

C (Carbon)

Answer 9

Four (4)

Question 10

How many covalent bond?

O (Oxygen)

Answer 10

Two (2)

Question 11

How many covalent bond?

H (Hydrogen)

Answer 11

One (1)

based on duet rule

Question 12

Trivia/Compound

It is also called as fruit ripening carbon

Answer 12

Ethylene

Formula: C2H4

Question 13

Trivia/Compound

Used as refrigerant

Answer 13

flouromethane

Formula: CH3F

Question 14

Trivia/Compound

Used as a precursor for illegal drugs “shabu”

Answer 14

methylamine

Formula: CH3NH2

Reductive Amination

Question 15

How to determine if the Lewis Structure of a molecule is correct?

Answer 15

Check the formal charge and if following the octet rule

Question 16

What is the angle in a single bond carbon?

Answer 16

109.5

tetrahedral

Question 17

Structure Recall

In plane of paper

Answer 17

Line

Question 18

Structure Recall

Going INTO the paper (away from you)

Answer 18

Dash

Question 19

Structure Recall

Coming OUT of the paper (towards you)

Answer 19

Wedge

Question 20

What is the angle?

Double bonds

Answer 20

120

Planar

Question 21

Trivia/Compound

Component of rubber latex

Answer 21

Isoprene

Hevea brasiliensis

Question 22

How to determine the number of hydrogen bonded to a carbon?

Answer 22

4 - (# of bonds attached to C)

Question 23

What is the angle?

Triple Bonds

Answer 23

180

linear

Question 24

What are the 3 hybrid orbitals?

Answer 24

sp3, sp2, sp

Question 25

Mixing of atomic orbitals to form newly hybridized orbitals influencing molecular geometry and bonding properties.

Answer 25

Orbital hybridization

Question 26

What is the electron configuration of Carbon?

Answer 26

[He]2s2 2p2

Question 27

Electron orbitals that have the same energy level

Answer 27

Degenerate orbitals

Question 28

What is the principle of hybridization?

Answer 28

Mixing of two orbitals | Which consist of the valence electrons

Question 29

Hybrid orbitals can also be called?

Answer 29

Degenerate orbitals

Question 30

# True or False? The energy level of the hybrid orbitals should be *between* the their original energy levels.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

If there are 4 atomic orbitals, how may hybrid orbitals should be generated?

Answer 31

4 hybrid orbitals

Question 32

# In 2sp3 What does '2' signifies?

Answer 32

Principal Energy Level

Question 33

# In 2sp3 What does 's' signifies?

Answer 33

From 2s orbital participating in the hybridization

Question 34

# In 2sp3 What does 'p' signifies?

Answer 34

From 2p orbital participating in the hybridization

Question 35

# In 2sp3 What does '3' signifies?

Answer 35

no. of 2p orbital used in hybridization

Question 36

What is the shape of s orbital?

Answer 36

Sphere

Question 37

What is the shape of p orbital?

Answer 37

dumbell shape

Question 38

What is the bond formed by the HEAD-ON overlap of atomic orbitals and hybrid orbital?

Answer 38

Covalent sigma bond

Question 39

Bond that allows free rotation

Answer 39

Sigma bond

Question 40

Covalent bond formed from SIDEWAYS overlap of Unhybridized p-orbitals

Answer 40

Pi bond

Question 41

What is the hybridization of ethene? | C2H4

Answer 41

sp2

Question 42

One p-orbital and its electron will be saved in the side to create a ____?

Answer 42

Pi bond ## Footnote Hybridization Part 3 by Sir Maki

Question 43

What is included in the determination of shape of molecule?

Answer 43

Hybrid orbitals | Unhybridized is neglected

Question 44

# True or False? The C-C double bond in C2H4 is a sigma bond formed from C(sp2) - C(sp2) orbitals and a pi bond formed from unhybridized p orbitals

Answer 44

True

Question 45

# True or False? Free rotation is ALLOWED in pi bonds

Answer 45

**False**. NOT Allowed | The parallel overlapping of unhybridized orbitals should be maintained.

Question 46

# True or False? Geometric isomers exist in double bonds.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

How many orbitals are saved to create two pi-bonds in triple bonded molecule?

Answer 47

Two (2) p-orbitals

Question 48

# True or False? The naming of hybrid orbitals (sp3, sp2, sp) is based on degenerate orbitals

Answer 48

True | Unhybridized orbitals for non-single bonds are saved to create pi-bonds.

Question 49

Where are the lone pairs located in hybridization?

Answer 49

Hybridized orbital (2 full spins)

Question 50

# Yes or No? Does lone pair affect the geometry of the molecule?

Answer 50

Yes | The angle is now lesser.

Question 51

Shape that has 107 deg

Answer 51

Trigonal pyramidal

Question 52

The effect of lone pair of electrons is described in what theory?

Answer 52

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (**VSPER**) Theory | Gillespie-Nyholm Theory

Question 53

What is the formula of Steric No. (SN)?

Answer 53

SN = sum of attached atoms + lone pairs | SN is used as shortcut method to determine the hybridization

Question 54

# If SN is 4

Answer 54

sp3

Question 55

# If SN is 3

Answer 55

sp2

Question 56

# If SN is 2

Answer 56

sp

Question 57

An OTC pain reliever

Answer 57

Ibuprofen

Question 58

# Exemption in hybridization If the lone pair is adjacent to pi bond, they tend to be part of unhybridized obrital instead of degenerate. Why? | Principle of resonance structure

Answer 58

Delocalization of lone pair | Creating pi-bond system, instead ## Footnote Hybridization Part 8 by Sir Maki

Question 59

What is unhybridized orbital of Carbon (C) atom?

Answer 59

2p | Hybridization Part 9 by sir Maki