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Organic Chemistry Sir Maki > Basic Introduction II > Flashcards

Basic Introduction II Flashcards

This study section includes Formal Charge, Lewis Structure of Organic Compounds, Organic Molecules Representation, and Hybridization

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1
Q

Determines the best Lewis Dot Structure of a molecule

A

Formal charge

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2
Q

Where is the site of chemical reactivity?

A

Location of charges

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3
Q

The equation of Formal charge

A

FC = “should” - “has”

should = group no.; has = directly attached to the atom

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4
Q

What?

A carbon with positive charge

A

Carbocation

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5
Q

What?

A carbon with negative charge

A

Carbanion

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6
Q

What?

A carbon with lone pair of electron

A

Carbon radical

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7
Q

How many covalent bond?

X (halogens)

A

One (1)

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8
Q

How many covalent bond?

N (Nitrogen)

A

Three (3)

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9
Q

How many covalent bond?

C (Carbon)

A

Four (4)

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10
Q

How many covalent bond?

O (Oxygen)

A

Two (2)

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11
Q

How many covalent bond?

H (Hydrogen)

A

One (1)

based on duet rule

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12
Q

Trivia/Compound

It is also called as fruit ripening carbon

A

Ethylene

Formula: C2H4

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13
Q

Trivia/Compound

Used as refrigerant

A

flouromethane

Formula: CH3F

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14
Q

Trivia/Compound

Used as a precursor for illegal drugs “shabu”

A

methylamine

Formula: CH3NH2

Reductive Amination

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15
Q

How to determine if the Lewis Structure of a molecule is correct?

A

Check the formal charge and if following the octet rule

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16
Q

What is the angle in a single bond carbon?

A

109.5

tetrahedral

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17
Q

Structure Recall

In plane of paper

A

Line

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18
Q

Structure Recall

Going INTO the paper (away from you)

A

Dash

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19
Q

Structure Recall

Coming OUT of the paper (towards you)

A

Wedge

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20
Q

What is the angle?

Double bonds

A

120

Planar

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21
Q

Trivia/Compound

Component of rubber latex

A

Isoprene

Hevea brasiliensis

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22
Q

How to determine the number of hydrogen bonded to a carbon?

A

4 - (# of bonds attached to C)

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23
Q

What is the angle?

Triple Bonds

A

180

linear

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24
Q

What are the 3 hybrid orbitals?

A

sp3, sp2, sp

25
Q

Mixing of atomic orbitals to form newly hybridized orbitals influencing molecular geometry and bonding properties.

A

Orbital hybridization

26
Q

What is the electron configuration of Carbon?

A

[He]2s2 2p2

27
Q

Electron orbitals that have the same energy level

A

Degenerate orbitals

28
Q

What is the principle of hybridization?

A

Mixing of two orbitals

Which consist of the valence electrons

29
Q

Hybrid orbitals can also be called?

A

Degenerate orbitals

30
Q

True or False?

The energy level of the hybrid orbitals should be between the their original energy levels.

A

True

31
Q

If there are 4 atomic orbitals, how may hybrid orbitals should be generated?

A

4 hybrid orbitals

32
Q

In 2sp3

What does ‘2’ signifies?

A

Principal Energy Level

33
Q

In 2sp3

What does ‘s’ signifies?

A

From 2s orbital participating in the hybridization

34
Q

In 2sp3

What does ‘p’ signifies?

A

From 2p orbital participating in the hybridization

35
Q

In 2sp3

What does ‘3’ signifies?

A

no. of 2p orbital used in hybridization

36
Q

What is the shape of s orbital?

A

Sphere

37
Q

What is the shape of p orbital?

A

dumbell shape

38
Q

What is the bond formed by the HEAD-ON overlap of atomic orbitals and hybrid orbital?

A

Covalent sigma bond

39
Q

Bond that allows free rotation

A

Sigma bond

40
Q

Covalent bond formed from SIDEWAYS overlap of Unhybridized p-orbitals

A

Pi bond

41
Q

What is the hybridization of ethene?

C2H4

A

sp2

42
Q

One p-orbital and its electron will be saved in the side to create a ____?

A

Pi bond

Hybridization Part 3 by Sir Maki

43
Q

What is included in the determination of shape of molecule?

A

Hybrid orbitals

Unhybridized is neglected

44
Q

True or False?

The C-C double bond in C2H4 is a sigma bond formed from C(sp2) - C(sp2) orbitals and a pi bond formed from unhybridized p orbitals

A

True

45
Q

True or False?

Free rotation is ALLOWED in pi bonds

A

False. NOT Allowed

The parallel overlapping of unhybridized orbitals should be maintained.

46
Q

True or False?

Geometric isomers exist in double bonds.

A

True

47
Q

How many orbitals are saved to create two pi-bonds in triple bonded molecule?

A

Two (2) p-orbitals

48
Q

True or False?

The naming of hybrid orbitals (sp3, sp2, sp) is based on degenerate orbitals

A

True

Unhybridized orbitals for non-single bonds are saved to create pi-bonds.

49
Q

Where are the lone pairs located in hybridization?

A

Hybridized orbital (2 full spins)

50
Q

Yes or No?

Does lone pair affect the geometry of the molecule?

A

Yes

The angle is now lesser.

51
Q

Shape that has 107 deg

A

Trigonal pyramidal

52
Q

The effect of lone pair of electrons is described in what theory?

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSPER) Theory

Gillespie-Nyholm Theory

53
Q

What is the formula of Steric No. (SN)?

A

SN = sum of attached atoms + lone pairs

SN is used as shortcut method to determine the hybridization

54
Q

If SN is

4

A

sp3

55
Q

If SN is

3

A

sp2

56
Q

If SN is

2

A

sp

57
Q

An OTC pain reliever

A

Ibuprofen

58
Q

Exemption in hybridization

If the lone pair is adjacent to pi bond, they tend to be part of unhybridized obrital instead of degenerate. Why?

Principle of resonance structure

A

Delocalization of lone pair

Creating pi-bond system, instead

Hybridization Part 8 by Sir Maki

59
Q

What is unhybridized orbital of Carbon (C) atom?

A

2p

Hybridization Part 9 by sir Maki

Organic Chemistry Sir Maki (6 decks)

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