Boli inflamatorii intestinale Flashcards

1
Q

tablou clinic - colita cronica ulcerativa

A
scaune diareice cu sange, mucus si puroi
constipatie (proctita)
Tenesme rectale
Senzatie de urgenta
Crampe abdominale 
Tranzit intestinal nocturn
Colita fulminanta:
febra
anemie severa
hipoalbuminemie 
leucocitoza  
>5 scaune sanghinolente/zi >5 zile 

Posibile insa mai specifice b. Crohn:
anorexie
pierdere in greutate
retard in dezvoltare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Manifestari extraintestinale - Colita Ulcerativa

A
pioderma gangrenosum
colangita sclerozanta
hepatita cronica activa
spondilita anchilozanta
carenta de fier 
posibila carenta de acid folic (in special la cei cu tratament cu sulfasalazina) 
anemie in context de boala cronica
amenoree secundara
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aspect histologic tipic pt Colita ulcerativa

A
criptita
abcese criptice
separarea criptelor de celule inflamatorii
focare de celule inflamatorii acute
edem
depletie de mucus 
ramificarea criptelor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tratamentul colitei ulcerative

A

prima clasa: aminosalicilati (sulfasalazina 50-75 mg/kg/zi p.o. in 2-4 doze maxim 2-4 g/24h; mesalamina 50-100 mg/kg/zi; basalazida 110-175 mg/kg/zi) - de continuat si in remisia bolii
budesonide cu eliberare prelungita - in pacienti cu boala usoara/moderata
corticosteroizi: prednison 1-2 mg/kg/zi o doza, maxim 40-60 mg (doar in episod acut)
imunomodulatoare: azatioprina, 6-mercaptopurina
ciclosporina-rar folosita
infliximab (anticorpi monoclonali anti-TNFalfa) terapie de inductie a remisiunii si mentinere, in boala moderata si severa
adalimumab
chirurgie - colectomie
suport psihosocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tablou clinic gastro-intestinal al bolii Crohn

A
  • afectare intestinala cu caracter inflamator, stricturizant si penetrant => obctructii intestinale cauzate de fibrostenoza sau inflamatie => crampe abdominale accentuate post-prandrial, borborisme, distensie abdominala intermitenta
  • durere in fosa iliaca dreapta (in afectarea intestinala)
  • diaree, hemoragie digestiva inferioara, crampe abdominale (afectarea colonica)
  • boala perianala este comuna - fistula, abces, fisuri profunde, negi pediculati (papiloame cutanate)
  • sindrom de varsaturi recurent, dureri epigastrice (afectarea gastro-duodenala)
  • abcese si fistule digestive cu manifestari variate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

semne si simptome generale in Boala Crohn

A

febra
stare de rau
fatigabilitate
falimentul cresterii, retard de maturare osoasa
retard pubertar, amenoree primara sau secundara
malnutritie si malabsorbtie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

afectarea extraintestinala in boala Crohn

A
leziuni aftoase si ulcerative la nivel oral
artrita periferica nondeformanta
erythema nodosum
degete hipocratice
episclerita 
litiaza renala (oxalati, ac. uric)
litiaza biliara
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dgn diferential al durerii in FID (+/- masa palpabila)

B. Crohn vs

A
Apendicita
Infectie (Campylobacter, Yersinia spp.)
Limfom
Invaginatie 
Adenita mezenterica
Diverticulita Meckel 
Chist ovarian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dgn diferential al durerii abdominale cronice periombilicale sau epigastrice
B. Crohn vs

A

Sindromul intestinului iritabil
Constipatie
Intoleranta la lactoza
Ulcer peptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dgn diferential al hematocheziei - fara diaree

B. Crohn vs

A

Fisura
Polip
Diverticulita Meckel
sindromul ulcerului rectal unic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dgn diferential al diareei sanghinolente

B. Crohn vs

A
Infectie 
Sdr. Hemolitic-Uremic 
Purpura Henoch-Schonlein
Ischemie intestinala 
colita de radiatie
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dgn diferential al diareei apoase

B. Crohn vs

A
Sindromul intestinului iritabil 
Intoleranta la lactoza 
Giardiaza
Infectia cu Cryptosporidium 
Sorbitolul 
Laxativele
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dgn diferential al bolii perirectale

B. Crohn vs

A

Fisuri
Hemoroizi (rar)
Infectie streptococica
Condilom (rar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dgn diferential al retardului de crestere

B. Crohn vs

A

endocrinopatii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dgn diferential al anorexiei+pierderii in greutate asociate

B. Crohn vs

A

anorexia nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dgn diferential al artritei

B. Crohn vs

A

boli de colagen, AIJ

infectii

17
Q

Dgn diferential al anomaliilor hepatice

B. Crohn vs

A

hepatita cronica

18
Q

Diagnosticul de Boala Crohn

A

aspecte tipice bolii la examenul obiectiv, anamneza sau investigatii paraclinice
excluderea altor afectiuni
cronicitatea simptomelor

19
Q

Modificari serologice si biologice in boala Crohn

A

anemie - uneori feripriva
trombocitoza
VSH si CRP usor sau moderat crescute
hipoalbuminemie (inflamatia int. subtire sau enteropatie cu pierdere de proteine)
calprotectina sau lactoferina in materiile fecale crescute

20
Q

Modificari imagistice in boala Crohn

A

Colonoscopie:
modificari inflamatorii nonspecifice cu aspect in petece, eritem, friabilitate si pierderea desenului vascular, ulcere aftoase, ulcere lineare,
nodularitate si stricturi

Examen anatomo-patologic:
modificari inflamatorii cronice nonspecifice (cel mai frecvent)
granuloame necazeificante (cele mai specifice, insa rare)
Inflamatie transmurala - in piesele operatorii

Radiografii abdominale:
- normale sau cu aspect de obstructie partiala a intestinului subtire sau amprentarea colonica

Tranzit baritat:
ulcere aftoase
pliuri ingrosate, nodulare
ingustari sau stricturi la nivelul lumenului intestinal
ulceratii lineare => aspect de piatra de pavaj
fistule

21
Q

tratamentul bolii Crohn

A

5-AMINOSALICILATI :
Mesalamina 50-100 mg/kg/zi maxim 3-4 g /zi
admin p.o. sau rectala pentru afectarea colonica distala
ANTIBIOTICE:
Metronidazol 10-20 mg/kg/zi pentru suprainfectiile bacteriene sau boala perianala
CORTICOSTEROIZI:
Prednison 1-2 mg/kg/zi maxim 40-60 mg/zi in episod acut
Budesonidă - doza de adult 9 mg/zi - mai eficient decat mesalamina in inductia remisiei insa mai putin eficient decat prednisonul
IMUNOMODULATOARE:
azatioprina (2-2.5 mg/kg/zi)
6-mercaptopurina (1-1.5 mg/kg/zi)
* efect dupa 3-4 luni, utile la cei la care corticoterapia e ineficienta sau da efecte adverse
Metotrexat - 10-15 mg/mp oral sau subcutanat
Ac folic supliment la MTX, ondansetron preventiv inainte de MTX
TERAPII BIOLOGICE:
Infliximab (Ac monoclonali anti-TNF alfa himerizati) doza de atac - 3 infuzii la 0-2-6 saptamani apoi doza de intretinere la fiecare 8 saptamani
Adalimumab (Ac monoclonali anti-TNF complet umanizati) doza de incarcare, apoi doze de intretinere la fiecare 2 saptamani.

  • nutritie enterala exclusiva pe cat posibil
  • chirurgie - de ultima intentie- rata mare de recidive si complicatii post-operatorii