Body tissues Flashcards
Epidermis
most outer layer of skin
important for protection, heat regulation and sensation
Dermis
2nd layer of skin from surface
made of collegen and elastin fibers
cotains arrector muscles (for goose bumps)
Subcutaneous tissue
deepest layer of the skin
-loose connective tissue and fat
- between dermis and underlying deep fascia
deepest part of sweat glands, blood and lymphatic vessels, cutaneous nerves are located here
deep fascia
dense organized connective tissue layer that goes into deep structures
Skin ligaments
Attach deep surface of dermis to underlying deep fascia
Clinical significance of Integumentary system for PT
-All palpation occurs through the skin
-skin incisions are made along tension lines
-stretch marks result from damage to the collegen fibers of the dermis
-Burns: 1st degree: only epidermis
2nd degree: epidermis and portion of dermis
3rd degree: epidermis and dermis. Can include subcutaneous, muscles, tendon and other deep structures
Role of Bones
- protects vital structures
- supports the body
- provides mechanical basis for movement
- blood cell development in marrow
Bone classifications
Axial skeleton (skull, ribs, vertebrae, sternum)
Appendicular skeleton (linbs, shoulder and pelvic girdle)
Bone shapes (long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid)
Parts of articular system
- Bone
- Cartilage
- ligaments
- tendons
- fat pads
- discs
- bursa
Cartilage types
- Hyaline (articular cartilage): smooth, glassy, covers weightbearing ends of bone surfaces, does not regenerate well after injury
- FIbrocartilage: Supports crushing weights, intervertebral discs, menisci of knees, pubic symphysis
-Elastic cartilage: Very flexible, supports soft strugtures which need to move freely, (nose, ears)
Types of articulation
- Diarthroses (synovial joints)
- Amphiarthroses (cartilaginous joints)
- Synarthroses (fibrous)
Classifications of synovial joints
Uniaxial (1 degree of freedom)
Biaxial (2 degrees of freedom)
Triaxial or multiaxial (3 degrees of freedom)
