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Foundation Year MBChB > Body Systems: An Introduction > Flashcards

Body Systems: An Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells that all do the same job

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest building block of the body

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3
Q

What is a body?

A

The whole organism

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4
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A set of organs that do one of the body’s main job

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5
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of tissues that carry out a specific job

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6
Q

How can you go from an atom to an organism?

A

Atom –> Molecule –> Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> Organ System –> Organism

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7
Q

What are the body systems?

A

Cardiovascular (CV)
Respiratory
Endocrine
Nervous
Gastrointestinal (GI)
Urogenital (UG)
Musculoskeletal (MSK)
Integumentary
Lymphatic and Immune

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8
Q

What are the main components of the cardiovascular (CV) system?

A

Heart, Blood and Blood vessels

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9
Q

What are the blood vessels in the cardiovascular (CV) system?

A

Arteries (carry blood away from heart)
Veins (carry blood towards heart)
Capillaries
Venules (carry blood away from heart)
Arterioles (carry blood towards heart)

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10
Q

What are the components of blood and their uses in the cardiovascular (CV) system?

A

Red blood cells: Oxygen transportation (Haemoglobin)
White blood cells: Immune defense
Platelets and clotting factors

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11
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular (CV) system?

A

Transport of cells, gases, nutrients and waste products around the body
Helps maintain homeostasis and thermoregulation
Maintain fluid balance within body
Disease protection and healing (transportation of WBC throughout the body)

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12
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A

Mouth
Nose: where air enters and is warmed, moistened, filtered, cleaned and smelled
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs Bronchi

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13
Q

What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

A

Main site for gas exchange
Pulmonary protection/defence
Acid-base balance
Phonation: speaking

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14
Q

How is the trachea kept open?

A

By chondrocytes, that form stiff rings of cartilage

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15
Q

What system does the respiratory system work with?

A

Cardiovascular system as to move oxygen in the blood around the body

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16
Q

What is the importance of the endocrine system?

A

The movement and regulation of hormones

17
Q

What are the components of the endocrine system?

A

Pancreas
Glands (pituitary, pineal, thymus, adrenal, thyroid)
Reproductive Organs (ovaries, testis)

18
Q

What is the function of the brain regarding the endocrine system?

A

Hormone regulation

19
Q

What are the main functions of the endocrine system?

A

Maintain a stable environment within the body (homeostasis)
The hormones also help the body to regulate:
Growth
Sexual development
Metabolism
Sugar, salt and fluid levels in the blood

20
Q
A

Foundation Year MBChB (14 decks)

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