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Body Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the Digestive Systems?

A

Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

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2
Q

Chemicals produces by the body breaks foods in to their smaller chemical building blocks?

A

Chemical Digestion

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3
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breaking down of food in to smaller nutrient molecules the body can use.

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4
Q

What is absorption?

A

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system in to your blood.

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5
Q

What is elimination?

A

Materials that are not absorbed, such as fiber, are eliminated from the body as wastes.

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6
Q

When your body gets ready to eat, it will increase the production of saliva or ________?

A

Spit

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7
Q

Saliva plays an important part in both types of digestion

A
  1. It moistens the food to help chew it and make it slippery so that is goes down easier.
  2. It contains enzymes, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions to begin breaking it down chemically.
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8
Q

Your _____ carry out the 1st step of mechanical digestion.

A

Teeth

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9
Q

Chewing?

A

Mastication

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10
Q

Your center teeth, _____ cut the food into smaller pieces

A

Incisors

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11
Q

Your sharp pointy teeth, ______ tear the food into smaller pieces

A

Canines

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12
Q

Your back teeth, _____ crush and grind the food

A

Molars

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13
Q

Digestive system tour

A

Goes from mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

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14
Q

The esophagus is lined with _____ a thick slippery substance that makes it easy to swallow

A

Mucus

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15
Q

Food is moved down the esophagus by waves of muscle contractions called?

A

Peristalsis

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16
Q

Helps break down food as well as kills many bacteria that you swallow with your food.

A

Hydrochloric Acid

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17
Q

The stomach is lined with _____ to protect it from the acid?

A

Mucus

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18
Q

Almost all _____ digestion and _____ of nutrients takes place in the small intestine.

A

Chemical

Absorption

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19
Q

The ____ is the largest organ in the body.

A

Liver

20
Q

The liver is like an extremely busy chemical ____ and plays a role in many body processes.

A

Factory

21
Q

For digestion the liver produces _____. A substance that breaks down fat particles.

A

Bile

22
Q

Bile is stored in the ?

A

Gallbladder

23
Q

Bile info:

A

Bile doesn’t chemically digest fat, it physically breaks the fat in to smaller particles much like dishwashing liquid does in the sink.

24
Q

The pancreas produces _____ that then break down the fat chemically.

A

Enzymes

25
Q

The inner surface of the small intestine is covered with ____ millions of tiny finger shaped structures filled with tiny blood vessels

A

Villi

26
Q

The large intestine contains _____ that feed on the material passing through. They produce vitamin K.

A

Bacteria

27
Q

What are the jobs of the circulatory system?

A

Deliver needed materials
Remove waste products
Fighting disease

28
Q

A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

A

Heart

29
Q

The heart is about the size of your ______

A

Fist

30
Q

2 upper chambers called _____ which receive blood into the heart

A

Atrium

31
Q

2 lower chambers called _____ which pump blood out of the heart

A

Ventricles

32
Q

A ______ is flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards.

A

Valve

33
Q

Path of blood:

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, in lungs leave carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen, enters left atrium, left ventricle, pumps to body, leaves oxygen, picks up carbon dioxide and returns to right atrium.

34
Q

Carry blood away from the heart either to lungs or body

A

Arteries

35
Q

The liquid part of the blood

A

Plasma

36
Q

The part that takes up oxygen for transport

A

Red blood cells

37
Q

The soldiers of the blood that attack micro organisms that enter the body. They fight infection

A

White blood cells

38
Q

Cell fragments. When you get a cut they get trapped, form a clot, then dry to form a scab.

A

Platelets

39
Q

Jobs of the respiratory system

A

Taking in oxygen

Removing Carbon Dioxide and water

40
Q

Cells in nasal cavities have _____ a tiny hair like structures that sweep mucus down into your throat, where you swallow it and acid destroys the mucus

A

Cilia

41
Q

The passages that direct air into the lungs. They divide into smaller and smaller tubes in a pattern that resembles a tree.

A

Bronchi

42
Q

The Bronchi ends in _____ tiny sacks of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood.

A

Alveoli

43
Q

Sack like organs that inhale and exhale air. The main organs of the respiratory system

A

Lungs

44
Q

Dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing.

A

Diaphragm

45
Q

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

A

Breathing

Science (10 decks)

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