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Science > Atoms, Bonding, and The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Atoms, Bonding, and The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

How is the periodic table organized?

A

Atomic Number

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2
Q

Describe how the number of electrons changes across a period of elements.

A

It increases

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3
Q

What is the greatest number of valence electrons an atom can have?

A

8

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4
Q

An atom’s ______ ______ are those electrons that have the highest energy level.

A

Valence Electrons

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5
Q

The force of attraction that holds 2 atoms together is called?

A

Chemical Bond

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6
Q

Each element is represented in the periodic table by a _____?

A

Symbol

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7
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the?

A

Atomic Number

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8
Q

A row of elements across the periodic table is a?

A

Period

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9
Q

Elements in the same column of the periodic table are call a?

A

Group or Family

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10
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space

A

Matter

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11
Q

Simplest pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

A

Element

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12
Q

Pure substance made of 2 or more elements that are combined chemically in a specific ratio

A

Compound

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13
Q

2 or more substances that are in the same place but not chemically combined

A

Mixture

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14
Q

Smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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15
Q

Negatively charges particles in a atom

A

Electron

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16
Q

Positively charged region in the center of an atom

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

A

Proton

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18
Q

Are those electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely

A

Valence Electrons

19
Q

A row of elements across the periodic table.

A

Period

20
Q

True or false? The number of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines the ways in which the atom can bond.

A

True

21
Q

True or false? When atoms form bonds, electrons may be transferred or shared between atoms?

A

True

22
Q

Describe how atomic number changes across a period of elements

A

The number increases

23
Q

A well mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute is called a _____?

A

Solution

24
Q

The part of a solution present in the largest amount

A

Solvent

25
Q

A substance present in a solution in a smaller amount

A

Solute

26
Q

In a solution, the ____ is dissolved by the _____?

A

Solute

Solvent

27
Q

Why is water called the universal solvent?

A

Water dissolves so many substances

28
Q

Which of the following sentences are true about the effects of solutes on solutions?

  1. Solutes raise the boiling point of a solvent
  2. The temperature must drop lower than zero degrees Celsius for water to freeze when a solute is dissolved in the water
  3. Solutes raise the freezing point of a solvent
  4. Antifreeze boils at a lower temperature than pure water
A

1
2
4

29
Q

A mixture that has only a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

A

Dilute solution

30
Q

One that has a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent

A

Concentrated solution

31
Q

Is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature

A

Saturated solution

32
Q

Has more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at the given temperature

A

Supersaturated solution

33
Q

What are three factors that affect the solubility of a substance?

A
  1. Pressure
  2. Temperature
  3. Type of Solvent
34
Q

The higher the pressure of the gas, the ____ gas can dissolve in a solvent.

A

More

35
Q

Which of the following sentences is true about temperature and solubility?

  1. Most solids become more soluble as the temperature goes up
  2. Most gases become less soluble as the temperature goes up.
  3. Sugar dissolves better in cold water than in hot water
  4. Carbon dioxide dissolves better in cold water than in hot water.
A

1
2
4

36
Q

_____ and ____ mixtures can be separated in many ways.

A

Solutions

Mechanical

37
Q

What 5 ways can solutions and mechanical mixtures be separated?

A 
Evaporation
Distillation
Filtration
Sifting
Magnetism
38
Q

The liquid evaporates and a solid (residue) is left behind

A

Evaporation

39
Q

A two step process that:

  • Heats a solution to change one part into gas and then,
  • Cools the gas/vapor to liquid form and collects it
A

Distillation

40
Q

The use of a funnel and filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid. The liquid passes through the filter paper and is called filtrate. The solid remains in the filter paper and is called residue

A

Filtration

41
Q

Using a sieve, different sized substances can be separated

A

Sifting

42
Q

A magnet can be used to remove metal from non-metallic substances

A

Magnetism

43
Q

Refer to Notes to get pics of more questions!!

A

MORE QUESTIONS!!

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