Body Systems

Question 1

Label the skeletal system

Question 2

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

• framework: gives the body structure
• movement: bones act as levers where our muscles pull on
• protection: keeps vital organs safe
• mineral storage: stores minerals such as calcium to prevent bone degradation

Question 3

what are the 5 classifications of the bone?

Answer 3

• long bones: longer than they are wider, shallow shafts containing marrow (humerus femur, clavicle)
• short bones: roughly cubical, have the same with and length (tarsals & carpals)
• flat bones: provide a flat surface for muscle attachment, usually enclose/protect vital organs (skull, ribs)
• irregular bones: have no regular shape or characteristics (sacrum & vertebrates)
• sesamoid bones: bones that develop in tendons (patella)

Question 4

label the muscular system

Question 5

What are the 3 functions of the muscular system.
Body movement

Answer 5

body movement: all the muscles we consciously control (voluntary muscles) are attached to bones. the CNS sends messages to the relevant muscle, that muscle will pull on the bones for the desired movement.

Question 6

what are the 3 functions of the muscular system?
Maintain posture

Answer 6

maintain posture: muscles are continually in a state of ‘tone’ that affects their ability to help maintain an upright posture when awake and function safely when asleep. people with poor muscle tone generally have poor posture. regular exercise helps improve muscle tone.

Question 7

what are the 3 functions of the muscular system?
Essential bodily functions

Answer 7

essential bodily functions: the involuntary muscles (little to no conscious control) function continuously and preserve our ongoing body needs whether we’re awake or not. ex. heart muscle, breathing demands.

Question 8

Types of Muscle: cardiac muscle

Answer 8

the muscle of the heart and has a striated appearance. it’s involuntary in action. this is an extremely effective combination for its demanding and vital role in a person’s health and wellbeing.

Question 9

Types of muscle: smooth muscle

Answer 9

found in the digestive system, and walls of other vital organs (bladder, blood vessels, and diaphragm). they are involuntary in action.

Question 10

Types of muscle: skeletal muscle

Answer 10

striped in appearance, these muscles are responsible for all of our voluntary movements, and good posture. specifically to pull on bones to create movement.

Question 11

connective tissue

Answer 11

• it’s classed as a soft tissue as it doesn’t have the rigidity of bone
  it does have the flexibility of soft tissue along with the strength that collagen provides

Question 12

Cartilage

Answer 12

• the smooth, slightly elastic tissue is found in various forms within the body
• shock absorption

Question 13

Tendons

Answer 13

• attach muscle to bone
• inelastic and very strong, allowing movement by helping pull through the joint on the bones
• bicep muscle is an example of a muscle that works through two tendinous origins at scapular and radius

Question 14

Ligaments

Answer 14

• cross over joints, joining bone to bone
• slightly elasticity allows small movements from bone to joints
• the main function is to provide stability at the joint, preventing dislocation
• if they are seriously damaged in an accident, they may not repair themselves and may require surgery

Question 15

types of muscle fibers

Answer 15

• slow twitch muscle fibers: (red in color). longer duration activities that require lower effort or force: long-distance swimming, marathon running.
• fast twitch muscle fibers: (white in color). short duration activities. high levels of speed and force. used for power, speed and strength activities: sprinting, jumping and throwing.

Question 16

how does movement occur?

Answer 16

• by skeletal muscles pulling on the bone to which they’re attached to
• muscles work in pairs, this is called reciprocal inhibition
• agonist: the muscle that creates movement\
• antagonist: the muscle which relaxes

Question 17

Flextion & Extension

Answer 17

flextion: the movement that decreases the joint angle between two body parts
Extension: the movement that increases joint angle between two body parts

Question 18

functions of the heart

Answer 18

• circulates blood to all parts of the body
• transports water, oxygen and nutrients to cells
• transports waste (inc. carbon dioxide) away from the heart
• helps maintain correct body temp
• helps fight disease through white blood cells and antibodies in the blood

Question 19

arteries vs veins

Answer 19

arteries: carry blood away from the heart
Veins: carry blood to the heart

Question 20

Capillaries

Answer 20

smallest blood vessels found in the tissues (e.g muscles). they are the site of the exchange of nutrients and waste between the blood and body cells

Question 21

label the heart

Question 22

red blood cells

Answer 22

• carry oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells and muscles
• contains haemoglovin

Question 23

white blood cells

Answer 23

• can pass through capillary walls into the cells of the body to fight disease-causing organisms by absorbing/digesting them

Question 24

platelets

Answer 24

• these are cells that cause blood to clot when a blood vessel is damaged

Question 25

Plasma

Answer 25

- provides the cells with protein, salts, glucose, fat, antibodies and some oxygen - also removes waste from the cells

Question 26

Heart rate

Answer 26

the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm)

Question 27

what happens to your heart when you exercise?

Answer 27

- heart rate increases to pump more blood to your working muscles to deliver oxygen - muscles need oxygen for energy - also helps as waste is removed (CO2) as waste slows you down

Question 28

how does blood flow??

Question 29

functions of the respiratory system

Answer 29

- brigs oxygen from the air to the lungs - transfers the oxygen into the blood - removes carbon dioxide from the blood - expels heat and water vapor through the air breathed out - allows for the vocal cords to create speech as air is breathed out

Question 30

label the respiratory system

Question 31

how does oxygen flow to the blood

Answer 31

oxygen enters into our nasal cavity/mouth from the atmosphere. it then flows through the pharynx and into the larynx.. then into the trachea to make its way into the bronchi. from the bronchi flows into the bronchioles. at the end of the bronchioles are the alveoli. each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries. this is where oxygen comes into the blood and CO2 comes out.

Question 32

the diaphragm

Answer 32

- smooth muscle which expands and contracts to control breathing - inspiration: as we breath in the diaphragm (contracts) - expiration: as we breathe out the diaphragm (relaxes)