Body Systems Flashcards
Label the skeletal system
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
- framework: gives the body structure
- movement: bones act as levers where our muscles pull on
- protection: keeps vital organs safe
- mineral storage: stores minerals such as calcium to prevent bone degradation
what are the 5 classifications of the bone?
- long bones: longer than they are wider, shallow shafts containing marrow (humerus femur, clavicle)
- short bones: roughly cubical, have the same with and length (tarsals & carpals)
- flat bones: provide a flat surface for muscle attachment, usually enclose/protect vital organs (skull, ribs)
- irregular bones: have no regular shape or characteristics (sacrum & vertebrates)
- sesamoid bones: bones that develop in tendons (patella)
label the muscular system
What are the 3 functions of the muscular system.
Body movement
body movement: all the muscles we consciously control (voluntary muscles) are attached to bones. the CNS sends messages to the relevant muscle, that muscle will pull on the bones for the desired movement.
what are the 3 functions of the muscular system?
Maintain posture
maintain posture: muscles are continually in a state of ‘tone’ that affects their ability to help maintain an upright posture when awake and function safely when asleep. people with poor muscle tone generally have poor posture. regular exercise helps improve muscle tone.
what are the 3 functions of the muscular system?
Essential bodily functions
essential bodily functions: the involuntary muscles (little to no conscious control) function continuously and preserve our ongoing body needs whether we’re awake or not. ex. heart muscle, breathing demands.
Types of Muscle: cardiac muscle
the muscle of the heart and has a striated appearance. it’s involuntary in action. this is an extremely effective combination for its demanding and vital role in a person’s health and wellbeing.
Types of muscle: smooth muscle
found in the digestive system, and walls of other vital organs (bladder, blood vessels, and diaphragm). they are involuntary in action.
Types of muscle: skeletal muscle
striped in appearance, these muscles are responsible for all of our voluntary movements, and good posture. specifically to pull on bones to create movement.
connective tissue
- it’s classed as a soft tissue as it doesn’t have the rigidity of bone
it does have the flexibility of soft tissue along with the strength that collagen provides
Cartilage
- the smooth, slightly elastic tissue is found in various forms within the body
- shock absorption
Tendons
- attach muscle to bone
- inelastic and very strong, allowing movement by helping pull through the joint on the bones
- bicep muscle is an example of a muscle that works through two tendinous origins at scapular and radius
Ligaments
- cross over joints, joining bone to bone
- slightly elasticity allows small movements from bone to joints
- the main function is to provide stability at the joint, preventing dislocation
- if they are seriously damaged in an accident, they may not repair themselves and may require surgery
types of muscle fibers
- slow twitch muscle fibers: (red in color). longer duration activities that require lower effort or force: long-distance swimming, marathon running.
- fast twitch muscle fibers: (white in color). short duration activities. high levels of speed and force. used for power, speed and strength activities: sprinting, jumping and throwing.
