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PDHPE > BODY IN MOTION > Flashcards

BODY IN MOTION Flashcards

1
Q

Directional terms: What is SUPERIOR?

A

Towards the head

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2
Q

Directional terms: What is INFERIOR?

A

Towards the feet

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3
Q

Directional terms: What is ANTERIOR?

A

Towards the front

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4
Q

Directional terms: What is POSTERIOR?

A

Towards the back

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5
Q

Directional terms: What is MEDIAL?

A

Towards the mid-line of the body

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6
Q

Directional terms: What is LATERAL?

A

Towards the side of the body

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7
Q

How many bones are there in the body?

A

206

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8
Q

What are the main bones in the arm?

A

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)

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9
Q

What are the main bones in the leg?

A

Pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, foot (tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)

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10
Q

What are the main bones in the head/torso?

A

Cranium, spinal column, ribs, sternum

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11
Q

What are the 3 structural types of joints? Explain how much/little each moves

A
  1. Fibrous= immovable (the skull)
  2. Cartilaginous= slightly moveable (the spine)
  3. Synovial= freely moveable (knee, shoulder)
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12
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Bone to Bone

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13
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Muscle to Bone

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14
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

To lubricate the surface between two bones so they can freely move

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15
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

directly on the bone surface

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16
Q

What does hyaline cartilage do?

A

allows for the bones to move freely over each other

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17
Q

What type of joint is the neck?

A

pivot

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18
Q

What type of joint is the back vertebra?

A

gliding

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19
Q

What type of joint is at the base of the thumb?

A

saddle

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20
Q

What type of joints are the knuckles?

A

ellipsoidal

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21
Q

Which joints in the body are hinge joints?

A

elbow, knee, ankle

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22
Q

Which joints in the body are ball and socket joints?

A

shoulder, hip

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23
Q

What is the acronym for the JOINT ACTIONS

A 
All 
Cats
Drag
Some
Fauna 
Inside
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24
Q

List the 6 joint actions

A 
Abduction & adduction 
Circumduction & rotation
Dorsi flexion & plantar flexion 
Supination & pronation 
Flexion & extension 
Inversion & eversion
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25
Q

What are the main muscles of the arm?

A

deltoid, biceps, triceps

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26
Q

What are the main muscles of the leg?

A

quadriceps, hamstring, gastrocnemius, soleus

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27
Q

What are the main muscles of the front of the torso?

A

pectorals, obliques, abdominals

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28
Q

What are the main muscles of the back of the torso ?

A

trapezium, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus

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29
Q

What are the 3 muscular relationships? describe each

A
  1. Agonist= the prime movers
  2. Antagonist= muscles that oppose movement
  3. Stabilisers= aids movement
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30
Q

What are the 3 types of muscular contractions? explain each

A
  1. Concentric → muscle shortens
  2. Eccentric → muscle lengthens
  3. Isometric → muscles are engaged by length does not change
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31
Q

What is the respiratory system responsible for?

A

the transfer of oxygen from the air to the blood

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32
Q

What 6 things make up the respiratory system?

A
  1. nose
  2. pharynx
  3. larynx
  4. trachea
  5. lungs
  6. bronchi
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33
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process by which the body takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

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34
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

G O C W E

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

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35
Q

Explain the difference between Inspiration

Expiration

A

Inspiration is inhaling

Expiration is exhaling

36
Q

How do the lungs deliver oxygen to the bloodstream?

A

via the aveoli which transfer oxygen to the capillaries

37
Q

What is the role of the circulatory system?

A

to move blood through the body

38
Q

What 4 things make up the circulatory system?

A
  1. heart
  2. arteries
  3. blood
  4. veins
39
Q

what are 3 functions of blood?

A
  1. Transports oxygen & nutrients to cells
  2. Blood clotting protects body
  3. Regulates body temp
40
Q

What are the components of blood? include percentages

A 
55%= liquid component (plasma)
45%= solid component ( platelets, red & white blood cells)
41
Q

What is the role of the heart?

A

To keep blood flowing around the body

42
Q

how many valves does the heart have? why does it have valves?

A

The heart has 4 valves. These allow for the one way flow of blood through the heart

43
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

44
Q

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart before it goes to the lungs

A

Superior vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle →pulmonary artery →

45
Q

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart before it goes to the rest of the body

A

Pulmonary vein →left atrium → left ventricle →aorta → REST OF BODY

46
Q

What are the two major circuits in the cardiovascular system?

A

Pulmonary circuit

Systematic circuit

47
Q

Where does the pulmonary circuit transfer blood from/to?

A

Pulmonary circuit= heart→lungs

48
Q

Where does the systematic circuit transfer blood to/from?

A

Systematic circuit= heart→body

49
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels in the body?

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
50
Q

What is the function of the arteries?

A

to transfer oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart

51
Q

What is the function of the veins?

A

to transfer de-oxygenated blood to the heart

52
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

to connect arteries to veins

53
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels

54
Q

What are the top and bottom numbers of a blood pressure reading called?

A 
TOP= systolic
BOTTOM= diastolic
55
Q

What is the acronym to remember the health related components of fitness?

A

Cats
See
Everything
From Behind

56
Q

What are the health related components of fitness? what test is used to measure each

A 
C- cardiovascular endurance= beep test 
S- muscular strength= hand grip test
E- muscular endurance= sit up test
F- flexibility= sit and reach test 
B- body composition= skin fold test
57
Q

What is the acronym to remember the skill related components of fitness?

A 
Cats
Smell
Breakfast
Right
After
Playing
58
Q

What are the skill related components of fitness? what test is used to measure each

A 
C- coordination= stick flip test 
S- speed= timed sprint
B- balance= standing on one foot test
R- reaction time= ruler drop test
A- agility= field agility circuit
P- power= wall jump test
59
Q

What is Aerobic training? Give an example

A
  • movement with oxygen

- Extended time motions (walking, jogging)

60
Q

What is Anaerobic training? Give an example

A

movement without oxygen

-Explosive actions (sprint, long jump)

61
Q

What does the FITT principal stand for? Is it aerobic or anaerobic?

A

AEROBIC

F-Frequency
I-Intensity
T-Time
T-Type

62
Q

What are the 5 immediate physiological responses to training?
Explain what each is

A
  1. Heart rate= the amount of times the heart beats
  2. Ventilation rate= how many breaths you take
  3. Stroke volume= the amount of blood ejected each PUMP
  4. Cardiac output= the amount of blood ejected in a MINUTE
  5. Lactate levels= chemicals released from the body
63
Q

What is bio mechanics?

A

The study of forces and the effects of these forces on the body

64
Q

What is the difference between linear and angular motion? give examples of each

A

Linear= same distance, same direction, same speed
eg. Torso of body while running

Angular= rotation
eg. Arms whilst running

65
Q

What is the formula to find speed?

A

S= Distance/ Time

66
Q

What is the formula to find velocity?

A

V= displacement/ time

67
Q

What is acceleration

A

the rate at which an object changes its speed in a given time

68
Q

What is a sporting example of angular momentum?

A

the spinning motion before throwing a discuss

69
Q

What are the 3 components of balance?

A
  1. center of gravity
  2. line of gravity
  3. base of support
70
Q

What is center of gravity?

A

The point at which weight is evenly distributed

71
Q

What is ones line of gravity?

A

An imaginary line drawn vertically downwards from the center of gravity

72
Q

what is an individuals base of support?

A

An imaginary area that surrounds the outside edge of the body when standing

73
Q

what does is mean to be able to ‘float’?

A

To float is to be able to maintain a stationary position on the water surface

74
Q

Which 2 forces operate on an individuals ability to float? Which pulls the body downwards and which pushes the body upwards?

A
  1. Buoyant force- pushes body upwards

2. Gravity- pulls the body downwards

75
Q

what is the ‘center of buoyancy?’

A

The center of the displaced water

76
Q

what is fluid resistance?

A

The resistance that acts against a body as it moves through water

77
Q

what are the 2 types of drag? explain each

A
  1. Surface drag- concerned with clothing, helmets, shaved skin
  2. Profile drag- concerned with the way someone positions their body
78
Q

what does the magnus effect explain?

A

Explains the spin that is put on a ball

79
Q

Explain how the body applies force

A

The body is able to apply forces to objects such as the ground to enable them to run faster, or to a tennis racquet to enable them to hit the ball harder.

80
Q

Explain how the body absorbs force

A

When landing from a jump, the body absorbs the force by bending the knees.

When catching a ball, the arms bend and are bought back towards the body to absorb the force

81
Q

Explain how the body applies force to objects of different weights

A

Objects of different weight need a different amount of force applied to them in order for them to go their appropriate distance.

82
Q

What does newtons 1st law state?

A

“An objects remains at rest unless acted upon by an internal or external force”

83
Q

What is an example of newtons 1st law in sport?

A

Your body will stay still unless acted on by the engagement of your muscles, tendons and bones.

84
Q

What does newtons 2nd law state?

A

“The greater the mass of the object the greater the amount of force needed to accelerate the object.”

85
Q

What is an example of newtons 2nd law in sport?

A

When hitting a tennis ball, the ball will move faster if the hit is stronger

86
Q

What does newtons 3rd law state?

A

“For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”

87
Q

What is an example of newtons 3rd law in sport?

A

When someone runs, with each step they’re putting a force against the track so therefore the track is putting the same force out but against their foot, so it is then pushing them forwards.

PDHPE (4 decks)

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