Body Fundermentals

Question 1

The path of de-oxygenated blood (right atrium and right ventricle)

Answer 1

De-oxygenated blood returns from the superior vena cava into the right ventricle, where it flows through the tri-cuspid into the right ventricle, blood is then pushed from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs in order to be oxidised

Question 2

The path for oxygenated blood from the lungs

Left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 2

Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the left atrium, this passes through the mitral down into the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pushes blood up through the aortic valve and to the rest of the body. The blood then returns through the superior valve and the process starts all over again

Question 3

Layers of the heart

Answer 3

Outer layer: pericardium (this is the sleeve around the heart
3rd layer: epicardium (this is the outer surface of the heart)
2nd layer: myocardium (this is the heart muscle)
1st layer: endocardium (inner lining of the heart)

Question 4

Systole and diastole

Answer 4

Systole: period of contraction with the ventricles of the heart, the chamber is full and therefore contracts pushing the blood to the lungs or around the body

Diastole: this means that the ventricles are relaxed and therefore means the chambers fill up with blood ready for the next contractions

Question 5

Cardiac outputs

Answer 5

Stroke volume: the stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle at each contraction period. Average is approximately 70ml.

Cardiac output: amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
Equation: (heart rate x stroke volume)

Blood pressure equation: cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance

Systemic vascular resistance: resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure