Body Fluids and Homeostasis

Question 1

What percentage of the adult human body mass is fluid?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

What proportion of body fluid is ICF?

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

What proportion of body fluid is ECF?

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

What three compartments can ECF be found in?

Answer 4

blood, between tissues, lymphatics

Question 5

True or False? ICF and ECF contain oxygen, glucose, ions, and nutrients needed by cells to maintain life.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are the two major fluids in the ECF and their proportions?

Answer 6

plasma (1/4)
interstitial fluid (3/4)

Question 7

What is the cell-free component of the blood?

Answer 7

plasma

Question 8

What is the fluid portion of the ECF that exists in the interstices between cells?

Answer 8

interstitial fluid

Question 9

True or False? The compositions of plasma and interstitial fluid is almost identical.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the minor fluid of the ECF?

Answer 10

transcellular fluids

Question 11

What are specialized types of ECF, separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular or membrane barrier?

Answer 11

transcellular fluids

Question 12

Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate are found in large amounts of what type of fluid?

Answer 12

ECF

Question 13

Potassium, Magnesium, and phosphate ions are found in large amounts in what type of fluid?

Answer 13

ICF

Question 14

What is the maintenance of nearly constant constantly conditions in the extracellular fluid (internal environment)?

Answer 14

homestasis

Question 15

What are four ways homeostasis is regulated?

Answer 15

• fluid transport and mixing
• influx and efflux components
• control by the nervous and endocrine system
• feedback control systems

Question 16

What is the normal range of oxygen?

Answer 16

35-45 mmHg

Question 17

What is the normal range of carbon dioxide?

Answer 17

35-45 mmHg

Question 18

What is the normal range of sodium ion?

Answer 18

138-146 mmol/L

Question 19

What is the normal range of potassium ion?

Answer 19

3.8-5.0 mmol/L

Question 20

What is the normal range of calcium ion?

Answer 20

1.0-1.4 mmol/L

Question 21

What is the normal range of chloride ion?

Answer 21

103-112 mmol/L

Question 22

What is the normal range of bicarbonate ion?

Answer 22

24-32 mmol/L

Question 23

What is the normal range of glucose?

Answer 23

75-95 mg/dl

Question 24

What is the normal range of body temperature?

Answer 24

98-98.8 degrees Fahrenheit

37 degrees Celsius

Question 25

What is the normal range of acid-base?

Answer 25

7.3-7.5 pH

Question 26

What are the two stages of ECF transport?

Answer 26

- rapid movement of plasma in the blood vessels | - rapid movement and exchange of fluid between the blood capillaries and the intracellular spaces

Question 27

ECF mixing occurs by ______.

Answer 27

diffusion

Question 28

A _______ is able to sense and minimize disturbances to the magnitude of the parameter under control.

Answer 28

control system

Question 29

Mechanisms that counteracting the initial disturbance are called what?

Answer 29

negative feedback control systems

Question 30

The degree of effectiveness with which a control system maintains constant conditions is determined the _____.

Answer 30

gain

Question 31

Random and continual movement of molecules is called ______.

Answer 31

diffusion

Question 32

What type of diffusion occurs through openings of the lipid bilayer?

Answer 32

simple diffusion

Question 33

What type of diffusion occurs through a carrier protein?

Answer 33

facilitated diffusion

Question 34

What type of active transport is mediated by carrier proteins (pumps) with the use of energy (ATP)?

Answer 34

primary active transport

Question 35

What type of active transport is mediated by carrier proteins and associated with use of energy (diffusion energy)?

Answer 35

secondary active transport