Body Fluids and Homeostasis Flashcards
What percentage of the adult human body mass is fluid?
60%
What proportion of body fluid is ICF?
2/3
What proportion of body fluid is ECF?
1/3
What three compartments can ECF be found in?
blood, between tissues, lymphatics
True or False? ICF and ECF contain oxygen, glucose, ions, and nutrients needed by cells to maintain life.
True
What are the two major fluids in the ECF and their proportions?
plasma (1/4) interstitial fluid (3/4)
What is the cell-free component of the blood?
plasma
What is the fluid portion of the ECF that exists in the interstices between cells?
interstitial fluid
True or False? The compositions of plasma and interstitial fluid is almost identical.
True
What is the minor fluid of the ECF?
transcellular fluids
What are specialized types of ECF, separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular or membrane barrier?
transcellular fluids
Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate are found in large amounts of what type of fluid?
ECF
Potassium, Magnesium, and phosphate ions are found in large amounts in what type of fluid?
ICF
What is the maintenance of nearly constant constantly conditions in the extracellular fluid (internal environment)?
homestasis
What are four ways homeostasis is regulated?
- fluid transport and mixing
- influx and efflux components
- control by the nervous and endocrine system
- feedback control systems
What is the normal range of oxygen?
35-45 mmHg
What is the normal range of carbon dioxide?
35-45 mmHg
What is the normal range of sodium ion?
138-146 mmol/L
What is the normal range of potassium ion?
3.8-5.0 mmol/L
What is the normal range of calcium ion?
1.0-1.4 mmol/L
What is the normal range of chloride ion?
103-112 mmol/L
What is the normal range of bicarbonate ion?
24-32 mmol/L
What is the normal range of glucose?
75-95 mg/dl
What is the normal range of body temperature?
98-98.8 degrees Fahrenheit
37 degrees Celsius
What is the normal range of acid-base?
7.3-7.5 pH
What are the two stages of ECF transport?
- rapid movement of plasma in the blood vessels
- rapid movement and exchange of fluid between the blood capillaries and the intracellular spaces
ECF mixing occurs by ______.
diffusion
A _______ is able to sense and minimize disturbances to the magnitude of the parameter under control.
control system
Mechanisms that counteracting the initial disturbance are called what?
negative feedback control systems
The degree of effectiveness with which a control system maintains constant conditions is determined the _____.
gain
Random and continual movement of molecules is called ______.
diffusion
What type of diffusion occurs through openings of the lipid bilayer?
simple diffusion
What type of diffusion occurs through a carrier protein?
facilitated diffusion
What type of active transport is mediated by carrier proteins (pumps) with the use of energy (ATP)?
primary active transport
What type of active transport is mediated by carrier proteins and associated with use of energy (diffusion energy)?
secondary active transport
