Blood Vessels

Question 1

_____ transports blood under high pressure.

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

____ helps with fluid regulation and distribution.

Answer 2

Arterioles

Question 3

_____ controls flow to capillaries.

Answer 3

Arterioles

Question 4

_____ is located between arteriole and capillaries.

Answer 4

Precapillary sphincter

Question 5

____ exchange fluids, nutrients, hormones, etc.

Answer 5

Capillaries

Question 6

_____ collect blood from capillaries.

Answer 6

Venules

Question 7

______ is a blood reservoir.

Answer 7

Veins

Question 8

64% of blood is found in _____ system.

Answer 8

venous

Question 9

_____ is conduit to heart.

Answer 9

Vena cava

Question 10

Cardiac output is primarily determined by _____.

Answer 10

venous activity

Question 11

ANS to ______ is critical for blood pressure regulation and blood redistribution to meet metabolic needs through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Answer 11

aterial system

Question 12

40% of blood is found in ______.

Answer 12

small veins (venules)

Question 13

Redistribution of blood flow is related to what three things?

Answer 13

O2
CO2
waste (pH)

Question 14

_____ is controlled by local tissue flows.

Answer 14

Cardiac output

Question 15

_____ is controlled by local blood flow and cardiac output control.

Answer 15

Arterial pressure

Question 16

____ is the thin lining of endothelium (epithelial cells)

Answer 16

tunica intima

Question 17

____ decreases resistance to flow and platelet aggregation.

Answer 17

tunica intima

Question 18

_____ is smooth muscle and connective tissue.

Answer 18

Tunica media

Question 19

_____ is responsible for blood distribution.

Answer 19

tunica media

Question 20

_____ is the fibrosis outer layer for protection.

Answer 20

Tunica adventitia

Question 21

_____ has small vessels for blood flow to vessels (Vasa Vasorum).

Answer 21

Tunica adventitia

Question 22

_____ has small vessels for blood flow to nerves (Vasa Nervorum.

Answer 22

Tunica adventitia

Question 23

What are the two main functions of endothelium in vessels?

Answer 23

regulate vascular tone: vasodilation, vasoconstriction

prevent thrombus: barrier to collagen, metabolize ADP, formation of prostacyclin

Question 24

What substance causes vasodilation?

Answer 24

Nitric oxide

Question 25

What substance causes vasoconstriction?

Answer 25

endothelin

Question 26

What does metabolizing ADP do?

Answer 26

prevents platelet formation

Question 27

Whats does formation of prostacyclin do?

Answer 27

vasodilates, prevents platelet activation

Question 28

Endothelium dysfunction relates to what 4 disease?

Answer 28

Hypertension Coronary disease Heart failure Diabetes

Question 29

What is the theory behind the endothelium dysfunction diseases?

Answer 29

Chronic inflammation theory

Question 30

_____ is the ability of the vessel to stretch.

Answer 30

Distensibility

Question 31

_____ allows for venous reservoir: veins > arterial.

Answer 31

Distensibility

Question 32

____ is the ability of vessel to stretch and hold volume.

Answer 32

Compliance

Question 33

True or False? Veins are much more compliant than arteries.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

______ = change in vascular pressure/resistance.

Answer 34

blood flow

Question 35

_______ is % of cells in blood.

Answer 35

Hematocrit

Question 36

____ are elastic vessels.

Answer 36

Large arteries

Question 37

____ are resistance vessels.

Answer 37

Arterioles and Terminal arteries

Question 38

____ are capacitance vessels.

Answer 38

Venules and veins

Question 39

_____ are conduit and feed vessels.

Answer 39

Metarterioles

Question 40

____ are exchange vessels.

Answer 40

Capillaries

Question 41

What are the 6 functions of capillaries?

Answer 41

Permeability –exchange waste products to nutrients Activation –in lung converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II Inactivation –bradykinins, prostaglandins, serotonin, norepinephrine, thrombin into inert products Lipolysis –lipoprotein lipase Production of vasoactive factors –e.g., nitric oxide Antithrombogenicfunction –PGi2 (vasodilator, inhibits PLT activation & barrier to collagen

Question 42

_____ is pressure form weight of fluid.

Answer 42

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 43

____ prevents the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 43

Osmotic pressure

Question 44

What are the 5 factors that affect filtration?

Answer 44

- blood pressure - blood flow - blood protein - capillary permeability - lymphatic drainage

Question 45

What are the five factors that influence pressure and flow?

Answer 45

- ANS - Chemoreceptors - Baroreceptors - CNS - Neurohormones

Question 46

______ respond to hypotension with vasoconstriction.

Answer 46

Alpha 1 and alpha 2

Question 47

_____ causes vasodilation which leads to hypotension.

Answer 47

Beta 2

Question 48

Beta 2 is needed for fight and flight response by dilating which 4 areas?

Answer 48

- coronary arteries - hepatic arteries - skeletal muscle - bronchioles

Question 49

Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus send signals to what nerve in the medulla?

Answer 49

IX - Glossopharyngeal

Question 50

Baroreceptors in the aortic arch send signals to what nerve in the medulla?

Answer 50

X - Vagus

Question 51

True or False? Carotid sinus is more sensitive than aortic arch in respect to baroreceptors.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

What is the effect of increased SNS activation?

Answer 52

An increase in CO and TPR to increase BP

Question 53

Increased action potentials from the baroreceptors will lead to: ______.

Answer 53

inhibition of SNS: - decrease SNS and increased vagal tone - effect decrease CO adn TPR to decrease BP

Question 54

_____ is pressure exerted during ejection.

Answer 54

systolic pressure

Question 55

____ is pressure exerted during cardiac relaxation.

Answer 55

Diastolic pressure

Question 56

What are three key factors for pulse pressure?

Answer 56

- arteriole function - SV - arterial compliance

Question 57

____ occurs on graph when aortic valve closes.

Answer 57

Dicrotic notch

Question 58

True or False? MAP - RAP = TPR X CO.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

What three things activate chemoreceptors in carotid sinus and aortic arch?

Answer 59

- decreased PaO2 (aortic response only) - decreased pH - increased PaCO2

Question 60

Increased APs in chemoreceptors leads to: _____.

Answer 60

- increased SNS | - effect increase Co adn TPR to increase BP

Question 61

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released from ____ when _____.

Answer 61

atria, stretched

Question 62

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) also called vasopressin is released from ______.

Answer 62

posterior pituitary

Question 63

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes _____.

Answer 63

loss of Na and H2O

Question 64

ADH causes ____>

Answer 64

retaining of H2O

Question 65

What three things cause capillary fluid shift?

Answer 65

- increase in hydrostatic pressure - fluid shift of plasma to intersitial space - decreased volume and BP to a point

Question 66

______ causes vitals to change during transitional movements.

Answer 66

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 67

_____ is holding your breath.

Answer 67

Valsalva Maneuver