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Boat Crew Flashcards

0
Q

Define keel

A

is the backbone of the boat. It runs fore and aft along the center bottom of the boat.

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1
Q

Name three basic hull types

A

Displacement hull
Planing hull
Semi displacement hull

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2
Q

Name two keel types

A

Flat plate keel

Bar keel

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3
Q

Beam

A

The measurement of the widest part of the hull

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4
Q

Length

A

Distance from the foremost to the after most points on the boats hull, measured in a straight line.

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5
Q

Draft

A

Depth of the boat from the actual waterline to the bottom of the keel

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6
Q

Free board

A

Distance from the weather deck to the waterline on a vessel.

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7
Q

How is a hatch made watertight?

A

A weather deck hatch is made waterline sealing it into a raised framework called a coaming.

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8
Q

State the watertight compartments of each boat type

A

Hatches, bulkheads, deck

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9
Q

Factors that should be determined before opening watertight doors

A

You have to determine that a flooding did not occur

If flooded, determine further flooding will not occur

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10
Q

Identify and define Two types of forces that affect stability

A

Static- placement of weight inside

Dynamic- actions outside the boat (wind, waves)

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11
Q

Name and define the Two principle types of stability

A

Longitude- tends to balance the boat

Transverse- keeps the boat from rolling over

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12
Q

Equilibrium

A

When a boat is a at rest, the center of buoyancy acting upward is below the center of gravity acting downward

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13
Q

State the two primary forces that affects a boats stability

A

Gravity : pushes vessel down in water

Buoyancy : pushes the vessel up to keep it afloat

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14
Q

Buoyancy

A

Is the upward force of water displaced by the hull; tendency or capacity of a vessel to remain afloat

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15
Q

Define Rolling, Heeling, and Listing

A

Rolling: side to side motion
Heeling: temporary leaning
Listing: permanent leaning

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16
Q

Center of gravity

A

The weight of the boat acting vertically downwards

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17
Q

Changes of center of gravity

A

When weight is added the center of gravity moves toward the added weight. When weight is removed, center of gravity moves in opposite directions

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18
Q

List the general boat design features that influence stability

A 
Size and shape of hull
Draft of the boat 
Trim 
Displacement 
Freeboard 
Superstructure size, weight 
Non water tight openings
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19
Q

Amidships

A

The central or middle area of the boat

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20
Q

List prevention and medication for motion sickness

A

Stay out of confined spaces
Stay above deck in fresh air
Don’t focus on the movement of the boat
Don’t smoke

Medication: anti motion medication
Scopolamine patches

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21
Q

State the main parts of an anchor

A

Shank
Stock
Flukes
Crown

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22
Q

Bitter end

A

The running end or free end of a line

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23
Q

Forward

A

Moving towards the bow

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24
Inboard
From either side of the boat to the center line
25
Outboard
From the centerline of the boat towards port or starboard sides
26
Symptoms of motion sickness
``` Nausea/ vomiting Paleness Sweatiness Drowsiness Stomach discomfort Overall weakness ```
27
Athwart-ships
A line or anything else running from side to side
28
Seven team coordination skills are
``` Leadership Mission analysis Adaptability and flexibility Situation awareness Decision making Communication Assertiveness ```
29
What is the purpose of team coordination
Can control human error, manage safety risks, and provide directions for more improvement in team performance
30
Pressure points
-Along the lower edge of the bony structure of the jaw -scalp or head -midline of the neck -under the upper arm -deep behind the collar bone -front center part of crease in groin area -forearm close to wrist on thumb side of hand Top of foot Two locations near elbow joint Back of knee
31
Types of bleeding
Arterial- blood that comes from the arteries, bright red, and the blood gushes out in spurts in sync with the victims pulse Venous- blood that comes from the veins, dark red, the blood comes in a steady flow Capillaries- blood that comes from damaged capillaries, bright red, blood oozes from the wound
32
Displacement hull
Pushes away water allowing the hull to settle down into the water -sailboats and commercial fishing boats
33
Crown
Lifts the rear of the flukes and forces the flukes into the bottom
34
Planing hull
Skims along the surface of the water when speed or power is applied
35
Semi displacement hull
Always remains in the water, it never gets on plane.
36
Compass rose
The compass rose has true direction, magnetic direction and variation.
37
True direction
Is outside of the compass rose
38
Magnetic direction
around the inside, an arrow points to magnetic north
39
Variation
The difference between true and magnetic north for the particular area covered by the chart (shows any annual change)
40
Four rules of risk management
Integrate risk management into mission planning and execution Accept no unnecessary risk Make risk decisions at appropriate level Accept risk of benefits outweigh costs
41
Identify ranges and state their purpose
Ranges are beacons located down the center of a channel When both markers of range are in line, a vessels position is along a known line of position
42
Scope
A ratio of the length of rode paid out to the depth of water
43
Fore and aft
A line or anything else running parallel to the centerline of the boat
44
Stern
The rear of the boat
45
State equipment associated with anchoring
``` Anchor Anchor line Chafing chain Thimble Jaw to jaw swivel d-shackle ```
46
Short blast
A blast with one second of duration
47
Prolonged blast
About 4-6 seconds of duration
48
What are ways to prevent fatigue
``` Adequate rest Rotate crew duties Wear clothes appropriate for weather Have snacks Observe crew members for signs of fatigue ```
49
Describe situations that may cause fatigue
``` Boredom Stress Lack of sleep Operating in extreme weather Exposure to noise or sun Poor physical condition ```
50
State the most common fuel for Class D Fire, state the primary extinguishing agent, and what is the smoke color?
Combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, or potassium Extinguishing agents are water, sand or jettison over board Smoke color varies depending on metal being burned
51
State the most common fuels for Class A fires, state the primary extinguishing agent, and what is the smoke color?
Wood based material, paper, certain plastic, rubber, and cloth. Extinguishing agents are water and PKP Smoke color is white or grey
52
Weighing the anchor
Means pulling up the anchor
53
Short stay
Term used when the line is straight up and down *when the line is at short stay you notify the coxswain
54
Stock
Prevents the anchor from rolling or rotating
55
When reporting contacts, what is the order they should be reported?
Object (type of vessel) Bearing (050) Range (distance in yards)
56
What is the most common fuels for Class B fires, the primary extinguishing agent, and what is the smoke color?
Flammable liquids suck as fuel, greases, petroleum. Extinguishing agent is CO2, PKP, AFFF Smoke color is black or brown
56
State the most common fuels for Class C first, the primary extinguishing agent, and what is the smoke color?
Electrical equipment, conductors, or appliances Extinguishing agent is CO2, PKP *locate electrical source, turn it off. Turning the class C fire into a Class A
57
What is the cause of motion sickness?
An imbalance of visual images, and the middle portion of the ear that sense motion.
58
Describe the primary symptoms of fatigue
``` Lack of concern for safety Judgement error Decreased performance Increased irritability Not able to focus or concentrate ```
59
MK-79
Is a 7 screw in cartridge with a pencil projector. Signal produces a red star at an altitude of 250-650ft Burn for about 4.5 seconds Luminous intensity of 12,000 candle power
60
MK-124
``` Day and Night end signal The day end produces an orange smoke The night end produce a red flare The night end can also be identified because it has to raised bands Both sides burn for about 20 seconds ```
61
Signal Whistle
Can be heard up to 1,100 yards depending on the weather
62
Emergency Signal Mirror
Is used to attract the attention of boats, aircraft or rescue teams by reflecting light at them
63
Distress Signal light
Has hook tape so it can be attached to helmet or PFD freeing hands Emits 50-70 flashes per minute Has a luminous intensity of 100,000 candle power Under continuous use will operate for 9 hours If used alternately will operate for 18 hours On a clear night, has a minimum visual range of 5 miles
64
Survival Knife
Is used to free crew members of entangling lines
65
8 CREW RESPONSIBILITIES
``` Lookout Helm Tow watch Anchor watch Line handling Administer first aid Operate damage control equipment Surface swimmer ```
66
Windward
Towards the wind
67
Leeward
Away from the wind
68
The helm watch or helmsman is responsible for the following
Safely steering the boat Maintaining a course Carrying out all helm command given by coxswain
69
Flukes
Digs into the bottom, burying the anchor and creating holding power
70
Shank
Aids in setting and weighing the anchor, is the attachment point for the anchor line.
71
What is the Collar made out of?
Polyurethane sheath
72
What is the bilge pump rated for?
2,000 gallons per hour
73
What is the window sump pump rated for?
800 gallons per hour
74
What is pitch?
The distance traveled in one rotation
75
What are static forces?
Weight on the boat Crew shifting on the boat Gas tank Water in the bilge
76
How do we deal with free surface effect?
Baffles (metal plates)
77
What does CPR stand for?
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
78
What is the ratio for CPR?
30 compression to 2 breaths
79
Heat exhaustion
Occurs when a person exercises or works in warm humid weather and the body fluids are lost through heavy sweating
80
Symptoms of heat exhaustion
``` Person collapses Sweats profusely Pale skin Nausea Acts restless ```
81
Symptoms of a heat stroke
Red skin that's hot and dry to the touch Headache Weak and rapid pulse Confusion Violence Lack of coordination Brain damage (if medical treatment isn't given)
82
What are symptoms of hypothermia?
``` Pale skin that's cold to the touch Poor condition Pupils are dilated Slurred speech Weak pulse Irregular heart beat ```
83
What can cause shock?
``` Trauma (bleeding, fractures) Allergic reactions Hypothermia Drugs Toxins Heart attack ```
84
What are symptoms of shock?
``` Restlessness Fainting Nausea Weakness Anxiousness Dizziness ```
85
Signs of shock include
``` A weak rapid pulse Shallow or rapid breathing Cold, clammy skin Dilated pupils State of consciousness to unconsciousness ```
86
Anaphylactic shock
Is a rapid extreme allergic reaction | Reactions can occur within seconds of contact and can result in death within minutes
87
What causes anaphylactic shock?
``` Fish Selfish Types of berries Oral drugs like penicillin Insect stings Pollen Dust ```
88
What are symptoms of anaphylactic shock?
Skin- itching, hives, redness Swelling of lips, hands, tongue, feet, throat Increases pulse rate Wheezing or shortness of breath Treatment: Epinephrine kit, administer CPR if necessary
89
What causes burns?
Thermal, chemical, sun burn, electric shock, radiation
90
What types of burns are there?
First, second, and third degree burns
91
First degree burns
Is the mildest form. Only the outer layer of skin gets burned. Produces redness, tenderness and mild pain.
92
Second degree burns
Extend through the outer layer of skin and involves the inner layer of skin. Producing blisters, severe pain and redness
93
Third degree burn
Penetrates the full thickness of the skin, destroying the outer an inner layers of skin. Color may range from white to black. Severe pain and nerves destroyed.
94
Fractures
A broken or cracked bone
95
What are the two types of fractures?
Compound fracture | Simple fracture
96
Compound fracture
The bone has broken and an open wound is present
97
Simple fracture
No open wound is present, but the bone may be open or cracked
98
How do you control bleeding?
``` Bandage application Direct pressure Elevate the injured area if no bone injury is involved Pressure points Tourniquet as last result ```
99
What are the contents of the boat crew survival vest?
``` Emergency signal mirror Signal whistle Survival knife MK-124 MK-79 Distress signal light Personal locator beacon PLB ```

Qualifications (9 decks)

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