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NPTE Studying #1 > Boards Exam Deck #3 > Flashcards

Boards Exam Deck #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

axillary N

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2
Q

Typical CPM cycle

A

2 cycles per minute

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3
Q

pleural effusion

A
  • accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
  • lung sounds are usually created
  • a pleural friction rub may be heard if pleural surfaces are inflamed
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4
Q

Typical breath sounds found with pulmonary fibrosis

A

-decreased breath sounds with auscultation

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5
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • type of restrictive lung disease characterized by changes in the alveoli & lung architecture from an inflammatory process
  • inflammatory changes cause scarring & fibrotic lesions in the lungs which result in decreased lung compliance, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, increased pulmonary arterial pressure, & work of breathing
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6
Q

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

A
  • head turned to one side is stimulation
  • response is fencing posture
  • normal age response is from birth to 6 months
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7
Q

Moro reflex

A
  • stimulated when an infant’s head is suddenly dropped into extension for a few inches
  • response is that the arms abduct with fingers open, then cross the trunk into adduction; often followed immediately by crying
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8
Q

integration of Moro reflex

A

28 weeks gestation to 5 months

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9
Q

Landau reflex

A

-equilibrium response that occurs when a child responds to prone suspension by aligning their head & extremities in line with the plane of the body

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10
Q

integration of Landau reflex

A

-around 3 months to 2 years

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11
Q

Symmetrical tonic neck reflex

A
  • stimulated by the head moving into flexion or extension
  • when head is in flexion, the arms are flexed & legs extended
  • when head is in extension, the arms are extended & legs are flexed
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12
Q

integration of tonic neck reflex

A

6-8 months

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13
Q

Hill-Sachs Fracture

A
  • aka hill-sachs lesion
  • impaction fracture of the anterior medial humeral head
  • typically associated with a posterior glenohumeral dislocation
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14
Q

typical presentation of a posterior glenohumeral dislocation

A
  • holding arm medially rotated & adducted

- may exhibit flattening of anterior shoulder & a prominent coracoid process

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15
Q

Angiotensin

A
  • hormone released for regulation in blood pressure

- release of this hormone causes vasoconstriction, which results in an increase in BP

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16
Q

Erythropoietin

A
  • hormone involved in production of red blood cells

- under hypoxic conditions, the kidneys will secrete this hormone to increase production of RBCs

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17
Q

Prostaglandins

A
  • group of hormones that help protect the lining of the stomach by inhibiting gastric acid secretion & increasing the production of mucous in the stomach lining
  • NSAIDS inhibit production of these protective prostaglandins, which results in the stomach becoming more susceptible to damage from the gastric acids
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18
Q

Gastrin

A

-hormone hat stimulates secretion of gastric acid in the stomach

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19
Q

ejection fraction

A
  • measure of left ventricular contractility
  • stroke volume / left ventricular end-diastolic volume
  • normal EF = 55-70%
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20
Q

definition of Cushing’s syndrome

A

-excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex

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21
Q

Positive Inotropic Agents side effects

A

cardiac arrhythmias, GI distress, dizziness, blurred vision

22
Q

action of positive inotropic agents

A

increases the force & velocity of myocardial contraction, slows the HR, decreases conduction velocity through AV node, and decreases the degree of activation of sympathetic nervous system

23
Q

What does hearing stridor indicate with auscultation?

A

-upper airway obstruction

24
Q

bronchophony

A
  • increased vocal resonance with greater clarity & loudness of spoken words
  • ex: “99”
25
Q

egophony

A

-a form of bronchophony in which the spoken long “E” sound changes to a long, nasal-sounding “A”

26
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A

-recognition of whispered words, “1,2,3”

27
Q

ST segment depression

A

-sign of subendocardial ischemia but also can be due to digitalis toxicity or hypokalemia

28
Q

ST segment elevation

A
  • earliest sign of acute transmural infarction

- can also indicate a benign early depolarization pattern in a normal heart

29
Q

Percussion sound heard almost exclusively with a large pneumothorax?

A

tympany

30
Q

Normal infant heart rate

A

100 - 130 beats/minute

31
Q

Normal child heart rate

A

80 - 100 beats/minute

32
Q

Obstructive ventilatory impairment FEV1/FVC is equal to what?

A
33
Q

Restrictive ventilatory impairment

A
  • characterized by reduced lung volumes (total lung capacity, FVC, FEV1) and relatively normal expiratory flow rates
  • inferred from spirometry when FVC is reduced & FEV1 / FVC is normal or > 80%
34
Q

Rate pressure product

A
  • index of myocardial oxygen consumption & coronary blood flow
  • provides an easy to measure physiologic correlate to onset of angina or development of ECG abnormalities in patients with heart disease
  • signs & sx of myocardial ischemia generally occur at a reproducible RPP value
  • RPP = HR x SBP
35
Q

Newborn respiratory rate

A

33-45 breaths/minute

36
Q

1 year old respiratory rate

A

25-35 breaths/minute

37
Q

10 year old respiratory rate

A

15-20 breaths/minute

38
Q

Adult respiratory rate

A

12-20 breaths/minute

39
Q

Normal respiratory rhythm

A
  • inspiration is half as long as expiration

- 1:2 ratio

40
Q

Respiratory rhythm of COPD

A
  • longer expiration phase

- 1:3 or 1:4 ratio

41
Q

apnea

A

absence of spontaneous breathing

42
Q

biot’s breathing pattern

A
  • irregular breathing
  • breaths vary in depth & rate with periods of apnea
  • often associated with increased intracranial pressure or damage to the medulla
43
Q

bradypnea

A

-slower than normal respiratory rate

-

44
Q

Cheyne-Stokes (periodic)

A
  • decreasing rate & depth of breathing with periods of apnea
  • can occur due to central nervous system damage
45
Q

eupnea

A

normal rate & depth of breathing

46
Q

hyperpnea

A

increased rate & depth of breathing

47
Q

hypopnea

A

decreased rate & depth of breathing

48
Q

Kussmaul’s

A
  • deep & fast breathing

- often associated with metabolic acidosis

49
Q

paradoxical breathing pattern

A
  • chest wall moves in with inhalation & out with exhalation
  • due to chest trauma or paralysis of diaphragm
50
Q

tachypnea

A
  • faster than normal respiratory rate

- > 20 breaths/minute in adults

NPTE Studying #1 (4 decks)

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