Boards Exam Deck #1 Flashcards
Addison’s Disease
-adrenal gland insufficiency
What does the adrenal gland produce?
- cortisol
- aldosterone
- androgen
- all three are steroids
Posterior Cord Syndrome
- loss of proprioception, 2 point discrimination & stereognosis
- motor is preserved
equation for current density
current amplitude (mA) / surface area (cm^2)
Cerebellum
-regulates movement, postural control & muscle tone
damage to cerebellum results in?
-ataxia, difficulty initiating movement, errors in rate/rhythm/timing of motor responses, dysarthria, nystagmus, dysdiadochokinesia
infraspinatus
- infraspinous fossa of scapula TO greater tubercle of humerus
- ER of shoulder
- suprascapular N
autonomic dysreflexia
-common in patients with lesions above T6 level
What is the difference between superficial burns and superficial partial-thickness burns?
-blistering
equation for finding MET?
3.5 mL O2 / kg BW / minutes
Parkinson’s Disease
-movement disorder due to destruction of dopamine-producing cells in the basal ganglia
definition of dyspraxia
-difficulty planning a new motor act & often caused by difficulty interpreting & modulating tactile input
Innervation for rhomboids
-dorsal scapular N
Chronic use of levodopa causes what?
-choreathetosis
parathyroid glands
-responsible for secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates the metabolism of calcium & phosphorous
result of elevated levels of PTH with skeletal system?
-causes a release of Ca by the bones & subsequent accumulation of Ca in blood stream
Potential risk of hypoparathyroidism with the cardiac system?
-cardiac arrhythmias
Risk of hypoparathyroidism with musculoskeletal system?
-muscle spasms
cholecystitis
-infection or inflammation of gallbladder
Pusher syndrome
- significant lateral deviation to hemiplegic side
- usually R sided CVA
posterior leaf spring
ankle-foot orthosis that provides a DF assist during the swing phase of gait
What type of line goes directly into the R atrium and continuously monitors BP?
-central venous line
At what platelet levels can serious bleeding occur?
15,000-20,000
Innervation of latissimus dorsi
-thoracodorsal N (C6, C7, C8)
Integration of Galant reflex
-30 weeks gestation -> 2 months
Integration of Landau reflex
–3 months -> 2 years
Integration of Moro reflex
-28 weeks gestation -> 5 months
Integration of plantar grasp reflex
-28 weeks gestation -> 9 months
Typical posture of Ankylosing Spondylitis
-increased thoracic kyphosis and loss of lumbar curve
Side effects of sulfa drugs
- GI distress
- allergic reactions
- can produce a decrease in the number of circulating WBCs usually below 5,000 mm^3
hypokalemia
-abnormally low concentration of potassium in blood
Causes of hypokalemia
-diarrhea, vomiting, burns, uncontrolled DM, diuretic therapy, steroid therapy
Swan Neck deformity
-DIP flex, PIP hyperextension
Broca’s Aphasia
-expressive aphasia occurring with a lesion to the frontal lobe in the dominant hemisphere (typically L) resulting in impairment of speech & expression
dorsal column
- ascending tract
- proprioception, vibratory sensation, discriminative touch, deep touch
anterolateral column
-pain, temperature, light touch
hippocampus
- lower temporal lobe. forming and storing new memories
- important for learning language
- “memory indexer”
- sends memories to appropriate areas of cerebral hemispheres for long-term storage
- retrieves memories
Innervation of serratus anterior
-long thoracic N
Innervation of levator scapulae
-dorsal scapular N
BUN
- blood urea nitrogen
- assess kidney function & failure
- can be an indicator for dehydration or heart failure
- 10-20 mg/dL
quads:HS ratio
3:2
Charcot’s foot
- neuropathic arthropathy involving bone destruction, bone absorption leading to an unstable joint
- rocker-bottom deformity, which can lead to ulceration due to a redistribution of pressure
pursed lip breathing
- leaves more O2 in the lungs to increase diffusion
- prevent airways from collapsing
obstructive lung disease definition
-difficulty getting air out
restrictive lung disease definition
- difficulty getting air in
- group of lung diseases that results in difficulty expanding the lungs & a reduction in lung volume
pulmonary function tests with obstructive lung disease
^ TLC
^ FRC
^ RV
decreased timed capacities
pulmonary function tests with restrictive lung disease
decreased TLC
normal/decreased FRC
normal/^ timed capacities
decreased VC
equation for lung compliance
[Change in volume] / [change in pressure]
equation for airway resistance
Q = [change in pressure] x [resistance]
classic sign of restrictive lung disease
dyspnea
