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NPTE Studying #1 > Boards Exam Deck #2 > Flashcards

Boards Exam Deck #2 Flashcards

1
Q

asthma

A
  • inflammatory condition
  • reversible
  • airway narrowing due to inflammation, smooth muscles, bronchospasm, and increased airway secretions
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2
Q

cystic fibrosis

A
  • genetic pulmonary disease

- fibrotic changes are ultimately found in the lung parenchyma

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3
Q

requirements for diagnosing MI

A
  • must have 2 of 3:
  • classic signs & symptoms
  • EKG changes
  • enzyme changes
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4
Q

hyperkalemia

A
  • increased potassium
  • decreases rate & force of contraction
  • produces ECG changes: wide PR interval & QRS, tall T waves
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5
Q

hypokalemia

A
  • decreased potassium
  • ECG changes: flat T waves, prolonged PR & QT intervals
  • arrhythmias
  • may progress to V-fib
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6
Q

effect of hypercalcemia on cardiac system

A

-increased heart actions

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7
Q

effect of hypocalcemia on cardiac system

A

-decreased or depressed heart actions

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8
Q

hypermagnesemia

A
  • increased magnesium

- calcium-channel blocker, which can lead to arrhythmias and/or cardiac arrest

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9
Q

hypomagnesemia

A
  • decreased magnesium
  • ventricular arrhythmias
  • coronary artery vasospasm
  • sudden death
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10
Q

shoulder capsular pattern

A

-ER, abd, IR

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11
Q

elbow capsular pattern

A

-flex loss > ext loss

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12
Q

hyperthyroidism

A
  • increased production of thyroid hormones

- result is increased metabolism

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13
Q

most common disease of hyperthyroidism

A

-Grave’s disease

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14
Q

thyroid

A
  • produces hormones (T4 & T3) which regulate the body’s metabolic rate & increase protein synthesis
  • regulated by the hypothalamus & pituitary feedback controls as well as intrinsic regulator mechanism within the gland
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15
Q

neuromuscular manifestations of hyperthyroidism

A
  • proximal muscle weakness
  • muscle atrophy (myopathy)
  • PT might notice pt has difficulty with balance & ambulation
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16
Q

Lisfranc Injury

A
  • tarsometatarsal injury or mid foot injury
  • when 1 or all metatarsal bones are displaced from tarsus
  • usually caused by a crush injury or when landing on the foot after a fall from a significant height
  • injury often occurs with an athlete has their foot plantar flexed & another player lands on their heel
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17
Q

pulmonary intervention for atelectasis

A
  • deep breathing facilitation needed in order to reverse atelectasis
  • segmental breathing can assist for this & allow prolonged inspiration & a breath hold. the long inspiration will facilitate deep breathing
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18
Q

Result of decreased cortisol?

A

-inability to regulate potassium & sodium

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19
Q

Erb’s Palsy

A

damage to upper brachial plexus nerves C5-C6

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20
Q

Erb-Klumpke

A

total damage to brachial plexus

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21
Q

Main pelvic floor muscle with pelvic floor training?

A

-pubococcygeus

22
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A
  • gallbladder
  • R upper quadrant pain
  • patient is asked to inhale while examiner’s fingers are hooked under the liver border at the bottom of the rib cage
23
Q

McBurney’s Sign

A

acute appendicitis

24
Q

Murphy’s Punch

A

costovertebral percussion test

25
Q

What is the most important value to check before exercising with a patient who has MS?

A

hematocrit (due to deconditioned nature of patient)

26
Q

What does a pericardial rub sound like during auscultation?

A

leathery sound during systole

27
Q

Stemmer’s Sign

A
  • pulling on skin at the base of the 2nd toe or finger

- if the skin is unable to be pulled up, it is a sign of lymphedema

28
Q

Location of McBurney’s Point

A
  • half the distance between ASIS & umbilicus

- acute appendicitis

29
Q

Murphy’s Sign location

A
  • pain/tenderness over costovertebral angle
  • acute cholecystitis or acute pyelonephritis
  • RUQ
30
Q

Decerebrate positioning

A

-upper/lower extremities in extension

31
Q

decorticate positioning

A

-UEx in flexion & LE extremities in extension

32
Q

Semi-fowler position

A

-supine, HOB elevated 30 degrees

33
Q

Pursed lip breathing use

A

-reduce respiratory rate, increase tidal volume, reduce dyspnea, decrease mechanical disadvantages of impaired ventilatory pump, improve gas mixing at rest for patients with COPD, facilitate relaxation

34
Q

Primary use for pursed lip breathing intervention

A

-patients with obstructive disease who experience dyspnea at rest or with minimal activity/exercise or with ineffective breathing patterns during activity/exercise

35
Q

“Scotty Dog Sign” on radiograph

A

-spondylolysis

36
Q

GH & Scapulothoracic movements with raising arm

A
  • 2:1 ratio GH/SC
  • 1st 30-60 deg occurs at GH jt
  • 120 deg movement occurs at GH joint
  • 60 deg movement at SC joint
37
Q

Cardinal sign/symptom of Cor Pulmonale

A

-progressive SOB, especially with exertion

38
Q

What do the values PaO2 & SaO2 provide information about?

A

-how well the lungs are functioning to oxygenate blood

39
Q

What does the PaCO2 indicate?

A

-provides information about how well the lungs are able to remove carbon dioxide

40
Q

eucapnia

A

normal level of CO2 in arterial blood

41
Q

What does a low hematocrit indicate?

A

-anemia, blood loss, and vitamin or mineral deficiencies

42
Q

What does a high hematocrit indicate?

A

-dehydration or polycythemia vera (condition that causes overproduction of red blood cells)

43
Q

Which ligament does the talar tilt test for?

A

calcaneofibular ligament

44
Q

What ECG change is most indicative of myocardial ischemia?

A

ST segment depression

45
Q

What can a prolonged PR interval indicate?

A
  • impaired AV node conduction & results in various types of heart block
  • normal PR interval is 0.12-0.20 seconds
46
Q

What does the QRS represent?

A

depolarization of the ventricles

47
Q

What is indicated with an abnormal QRS complex?

A
  • premature ventricular contractions
  • ventricular tachycardia
  • ventricular fibrillation
48
Q

liver pathology referral sites

A

-shoulder, mid thoracic region or low back

49
Q

diaphragm pathology referred sites

A

-shoulder or lumbar spine

50
Q

pathology of pancreas can refer pain to which areas?

A

shoulder, mid thoracic region or low back

NPTE Studying #1 (4 decks)

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