bms603 antibiotics/treatments

Question 1

enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Answer 1

self-limiting

Question 2

enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

Answer 2

no antibiotics - DNA damage induced by drugs increases expression of Shiga toxin genes encoded on lysogenic bacteriophage

rehydration therapy, antiplatelet agents, hemodialysis

Question 3

enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

Answer 3

antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin
often rehydration therapy

Question 4

uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)

Answer 4

antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin

Question 5

Shigella spp.

Answer 5

antibiotics (severe cases)
- use antibiotic suseptibility testing (usually trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

Question 6

Salmonella enterica

Answer 6

gastroenteritis is self limiting
for typhoid fever: ciprofloxacin, ampicillin
for asymptomatic carriers: prolonged antibiotic therapy wit quinolones, usually removal of gall bladder

Question 7

Yersinia pestis

Answer 7

streptomycin, gentamycin
- pneumonic must be treated in 24 hours

Question 8

Clostridium tetani

Answer 8

human anti-tetanus IgG
wound debridement
antibiotic treatment: penicillin or metronidazole
supportive care

Question 9

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 9

penicillin
debridement

Question 10

Clostridium difficile

Answer 10

discontinue antibiotics (if feasible)
vancomycin or metronidazole
probiotics
surgical intervention
FMT

Question 11

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 11

foodborne - trivalent antitxin that neutralizes type A, B, E toxin (derived from horses)
infant - Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous-Human (BabyBIG)

Question 12

Neisseria gonorrheae

Answer 12

uncomplicated infection - ceftriaxone or cefixme
for infection combined w/ Chlamydia: add doxycycline, azithromycin
opthalmia neonatorum in newborns: ceftriaxone
prophylaxis against opthalmia neonatorum in newborns: 1% tetracycline or 0.5% erythromycin eye ointments

Question 13

Nesisseria meningitidis

Answer 13

ceftriaxone, penicilin G (if organism tests as susceptible)
prophylaxis: rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone, and polyvalent vaccine

Question 14

Treponema pallidum

Answer 14

early (primary)/secondary/latent syphilis: long acting benzathine penicillin (injected intramuscularly)
late (tertiary) syphilis: penicillin G, oral doxycycline (if penicillin allergy)
pregnant women: penicillin desensitization treatment (if allergic), then penicillin

Question 15

S. pyogenes

Answer 15

penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporin
for necrotizing fasciitis: IV penicillin, clindamycin

Question 16

S. pneumoniae

Answer 16

penicillin, cephalosporin
sinusitis: amoxicillin
otitis: antibiotic ear drops

Question 17

B. anthracis

Answer 17

cutaneous: 60 days of ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
inhalation: ciprofloxacin or doxycycline plus clindamycin or rifampin or chloramphenicol
prophylaxis: doxycycline, raxibacumab (neutralizes PA)

Question 18

B. cereus

Answer 18

self limiting - supportive care, fluid replacement

Question 19

L. pneumophila

Answer 19

macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones

Question 20

L. monocytogenes

Answer 20

penicillin, gentamicin, erthyromycin

Question 21

M. tuberculosis

Answer 21

active: first 8 weeks isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampicin (RIPE), 26 weeks after isoniazid and rifampicin
latent: isoniazid for 36 weeks or isoniaxid and rifapentine for 12 weeks
MDR or isoniazid resistant infections treated differently

Question 22

C. diphtheriae

Answer 22

penicillin or erthyromycin plus antitoxin

Question 23

B. pertussis

Answer 23

erythromycin, trimethiprim-sulfamethoxazole
- only effective in catarrhal stage

Question 24

influenza

Answer 24

M2 inhibitors: amantidine, rimantidine disable M2 to prevent uncoating (Type A)
NA inhibitor: Oseltamivir, Zanamivir inhibit neuramindase activity to inhibit virion release, cause viral clumping (Type A, B, C)
trivalent subunit vaccine

Question 25

measles

Answer 25

supportive care (fever reducers - Tylenol)
severe cases - vitamin A
people at risk for severe illness: intramuscular IG
live attenuated MMR or MMRV vaccine

Question 26

S. aureus

Answer 26

flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin
MRSA: vancomycin