bms603 antibiotics/treatments Flashcards
enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
self-limiting
enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
no antibiotics - DNA damage induced by drugs increases expression of Shiga toxin genes encoded on lysogenic bacteriophage
rehydration therapy, antiplatelet agents, hemodialysis
enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin
often rehydration therapy
uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin
Shigella spp.
antibiotics (severe cases)
- use antibiotic suseptibility testing (usually trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
Salmonella enterica
gastroenteritis is self limiting
for typhoid fever: ciprofloxacin, ampicillin
for asymptomatic carriers: prolonged antibiotic therapy wit quinolones, usually removal of gall bladder
Yersinia pestis
streptomycin, gentamycin
- pneumonic must be treated in 24 hours
Clostridium tetani
human anti-tetanus IgG
wound debridement
antibiotic treatment: penicillin or metronidazole
supportive care
Clostridium perfringens
penicillin
debridement
Clostridium difficile
discontinue antibiotics (if feasible)
vancomycin or metronidazole
probiotics
surgical intervention
FMT
Clostridium botulinum
foodborne - trivalent antitxin that neutralizes type A, B, E toxin (derived from horses)
infant - Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous-Human (BabyBIG)
Neisseria gonorrheae
uncomplicated infection - ceftriaxone or cefixme
for infection combined w/ Chlamydia: add doxycycline, azithromycin
opthalmia neonatorum in newborns: ceftriaxone
prophylaxis against opthalmia neonatorum in newborns: 1% tetracycline or 0.5% erythromycin eye ointments
Nesisseria meningitidis
ceftriaxone, penicilin G (if organism tests as susceptible)
prophylaxis: rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone, and polyvalent vaccine
Treponema pallidum
early (primary)/secondary/latent syphilis: long acting benzathine penicillin (injected intramuscularly)
late (tertiary) syphilis: penicillin G, oral doxycycline (if penicillin allergy)
pregnant women: penicillin desensitization treatment (if allergic), then penicillin
S. pyogenes
penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporin
for necrotizing fasciitis: IV penicillin, clindamycin
S. pneumoniae
penicillin, cephalosporin
sinusitis: amoxicillin
otitis: antibiotic ear drops
B. anthracis
cutaneous: 60 days of ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
inhalation: ciprofloxacin or doxycycline plus clindamycin or rifampin or chloramphenicol
prophylaxis: doxycycline, raxibacumab (neutralizes PA)
B. cereus
self limiting - supportive care, fluid replacement
L. pneumophila
macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones
L. monocytogenes
penicillin, gentamicin, erthyromycin
M. tuberculosis
active: first 8 weeks isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampicin (RIPE), 26 weeks after isoniazid and rifampicin
latent: isoniazid for 36 weeks or isoniaxid and rifapentine for 12 weeks
MDR or isoniazid resistant infections treated differently
C. diphtheriae
penicillin or erthyromycin plus antitoxin
B. pertussis
erythromycin, trimethiprim-sulfamethoxazole
- only effective in catarrhal stage
influenza
M2 inhibitors: amantidine, rimantidine disable M2 to prevent uncoating (Type A)
NA inhibitor: Oseltamivir, Zanamivir inhibit neuramindase activity to inhibit virion release, cause viral clumping (Type A, B, C)
trivalent subunit vaccine
measles
supportive care (fever reducers - Tylenol)
severe cases - vitamin A
people at risk for severe illness: intramuscular IG
live attenuated MMR or MMRV vaccine
S. aureus
flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin
MRSA: vancomycin
