BMS11004 - WEEK 6 THURSDAY

Question 1

outline engram

Answer 1

physical embodiment of memory

Question 2

define procedural memory

Answer 2

skills and associations largely unavailable to conscious mind

Question 3

define declarative memory

Answer 3

available to conscious mind and can be encoded in symbols and language

Question 4

define explicit memory

Answer 4

memories consciously recalled, eg: riding bike

Question 5

define implicit memory

Answer 5

not consciously recalled, eg; learning to ride bike

Question 6

what does electrical stimulation of temporal lobe cause

Answer 6

hallucinations, recollection of past experiences

Question 7

what is prefrontal cortex responsible for

Answer 7

WM

Question 8

what is hippocampus responsible for

Answer 8

converting STM-LTM, decalrative
lesioning cause memory loss
3 layers, enlarged in those with good spatial memories

Question 9

what is amygdala responsible for

Answer 9

processes sensory input, involved in implicit/emotional/learnt fear

Question 10

what is cerebellum responsible for

Answer 10

procedural and sensorimotor memories

Question 11

what is reverberating circuits

Answer 11

when forming memory, a specific population of neurons constantly fire in certain direction

Question 12

what is hebbian synapse

Answer 12

synapses inbetween neurons change during memory formation “plastic synapse”

Question 13

describe increase or decrease in synaptic strength

Answer 13

facilitation/depression

Question 14

what is long-term facilitation/depressions due to

Answer 14

requires gene expression of specific gene by neurons changing NT released into synapse which changes duration of which synaptic strength change can occur

Question 15

define long term potentiation

Answer 15

long lasting enhancement of effectiveness of synaptic transmission following certain types of conditioning stimulation

Question 16

how can you measure long term potentiation

Answer 16

hippocampal slice, neuronal recordings between neurons CA3 and CA1
CA3: pre synapse neuron, fire EPSPs
CA1: post synapse neuron, tetanic long term potentiation

Question 17

in paired long- term potentiation, what occurs at what can this suggest

Answer 17

depolarises both neuron at same time, suggesting can be basis of associative learning (classical conditioning)

Question 18

explain research origins in memory on snail reflex

Answer 18

touch near siphon = gill withdrawal
habituation to touching siphon cause reduced gill withdrawals
pair single tail pinch (aversive) with siphon touch re-establish siphon reflexes

Question 19

explain long-term sensitisation with siphons and snail

Answer 19

repeated pairing of siphon touch and tail pinch (long-term, non-habituating siphon + gill reflex)

Question 20

what does long term potentiation require (messengers, NT)

Answer 20

receptor activation for glutamate, serotonin
alter synaptic responsivity
mediated by 2nd messenger (eg; cAMP)
require protein phosphorylation changes in early stages
require protein synthesis for late stages
involve biochemical and structural pre and post-synaptic changes

Question 21

how does long-term potentiation occur

Answer 21

postt-synaptic event = Ca enter post-syn, trigger LTP, trafficking of AMPA receptors to post-synaptic membrane, cause change to synaptic strength, depolarise post-synaptic neuron
activates NMDA receptor, through chemical cascade reactions, activates kinase which phosphoylate AMPA receptor, increase trafficking of AMPA receptor onto membrane