BMS11004 - WEEK 5 THURSDAY

Question 1

what is structure of hypothalamus, what does it aim to achieve

Answer 1

11 major nuclei
achieve steady state via homeostasis regulation
lateral area controls motivated behaviour
pituitary and periiventricular area links body to mind via ANS and hormone

Question 2

outline homeostatic pathway = once a disruption to a vital parameter has occurred, whats next

Answer 2

monitored by senses (eg: increased BP, sent to hypothalamus)
also receives contextual input (eg: ANS say go for a wee, forebrain say not to)
hypothalamus initiates action through ANS, neuroendocrine and behaviour
behavioural action (eg: cold = put coat on)

Question 3

what 3 mechanisms of homeostasis works together to achieve steady state

Answer 3

ANS, neuroendocrine system, behaviour

Question 4

what does paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus do

Answer 4

send info into pituitary, brain stem

Question 5

what does supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus do

Answer 5

send into into posterior pituitary

Question 6

what does anterior pituitary/adenohypopysis of hypothalamus do

Answer 6

develop from gland (not from neural tubes)
stimulate troph cells via hormonal release

Question 7

what does posterior pituitary/neurohypopysis of hypothalamus do

Answer 7

release hormones from magnocellular neuron into systemic circulation via capillary bed (eg, oxytocin, ADH) =

Question 8

what is oxytocin for

Answer 8

paturition, lactation

Question 9

what is ADH for

Answer 9

fluid balance

Question 10

name innervate effectors of ANS

Answer 10

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 11

why can ANS function without a hypothalamus

Answer 11

sensory/afferent division with receptors located in internal organs and blood vessels send info to brainstem nuclei via afferent fibres in visceral nerves
motor/efferent division with efferent fibes (eg: autonomic nerves) can activate effectors of smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, glands

Question 12

which of the following requires greater input from the hypothalamus?
a. pupillary constriction/dilation
b. salivation
c. regulation of body temperature

Answer 12

regulation of body temperature

Question 13

where are preganglionic neurons located, and where are they developed from?

Answer 13

in CNS
developed from neural tube

Question 14

where are postganglionic neurons located, and where are they developed from?

Answer 14

in PNS
developed from neural crest cells