BMS LAB EXAM 2 Flashcards by Alyssa Collazo

How do we control microbial growth daily?

sterilization, decontamination, antisepsis, and sanitizing

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Disinfection

application of chemical or physical agents to destroy or inhibit MOST microorganisms, particularly pathogens
examples: soft plastic, large objects and flesh

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Sterilization

removal or destruction of all microbes including endospores and viruses
examples: glassware, small metal objects and hard plastic

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Antiseptic

stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms

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Aspects of a good chemical or antibiotic

rapid action
solubility in water of alc
long term stability
broad spectrum activity
nontoxic to humans
penetrates inanimate surfaces
resistance to becoming inactive
non corrosive or staining
sanitizing and deodorizing properties
affordable and available

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Bacteriostatic

substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria

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Bactericidal

a substance that kills bacteria

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Narrow spectrum

an antibiotic that can only be used for one disease

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Broad spectrum

an antibiotic that can be used for a multitude of diseases

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MIC

The minimal inhibitory concentration needed to inhibit bacterial growth

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MBC

the lowest concentration of an antibiotic required to kill all microorganisms

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Performance of antibiotic susceptibility testing ( types, aspects, and results)

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What is a dichotomy

a contrast between two bacteria that are opposite in microbial testing

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Blood agar

Gram Positive; tests for hemolysis
Gamma( no growth): S. aureus, S. epi, S. sapro, Micrococus, entero, corynebacterium
Beta(clear zone in media): Strep. aga, strep. pyo, bacillus cereus
Alpha( green/brown bruised appearance): Strep. pneumoniae

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Catalase

Gram Positive; test if the organism produces catalase; breaks down into water and oxygen; bubbles is positive nothing is negative
+ : S. aureus, S. epi, S. sapro, micro
- : Strep.aga, Strep. pneumonia, strep. pyo, entero

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Coagulase

Gram Positive; Tests if organism can produce coagulase
rabbit plasma
+ (solid): S. aureus
-(liquid) : s. epi, s. sapro, micro, entero f

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Taxonomic discs ( A, P, NB)

Gram Positive;
A disc: tests for sensitivity to bacitracin
R : Strep aga, Strep pneu, Entero
S: Strep pyo
P disc: tests for sensitivity to optochin
R: Strep aga, strep pyo, entero
S: strep pneu
NB disc: tests for sensitivity to novobiocin
R: S. sapro
S: S. aureus, s. epi, micro

6.5% NaCl

Gram Positive; tests ability to grow in salt
+(cloudy): S. aureus, S.epi, S. sapro, micro, entero
-( no growth or change): Strep. aga, strep. pyo, strep pneu

CTA Mannitol

Gram Positive; Test if bacteria can ferment sugar in mannitol- if positive pH will decrease
+(yellow) : s.aureus, s. sapro, entero
- (red/orange): s. epi, micro, strep. aga, strep. pneu, strep. pyo

Lecinthinase

Gram Positive; tests production of lecithinase
+( appearance of white/ opaque diffused zone): bacillus cereus
- ( no zone): corynebacterium xerosis

MacConkey

Gram Negative; Positive for lactose with red/pink bacteria growth/ negative with white bacteria growth
All negative bacillus are positive

Oxidase

Gram Negative; Tests for Cytochrome oxidase
Positive if bacteria turns purple, negative if no change
+ : aeromonas, pseudomonas. aeruginosa
- : E. coli, Klebisella, Proteus. v, Salmonella, Yersinia, Entero

DNase

Gram Negative; Positive if bacteria turns pink, negative if no change
- looking for hydrolysis of DNA

Phenol red sugars

Gram Negative; Testing for the ability to ferment glucose: pH will decrease
Positive if yellow; negative if red/orange
+ : areomonas, E.coli, Klebisella, Proteus, Salmonella, Yersinia, Entero
- : Pseudomonas

TSI triple sugar iron

Gram Negative; Tests for sugar fermentation( glucose, lactose, and sucrose) Positive for glucose if black or yellow butt; Positive for lactose or sucrose if it has a yellow slant Negative if pink/orange + : E. Coli, Klebisella, Proteus, Yersinia - : Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero

SIM Indole Sulfeur indole motility

Gram Negative; Indole production Positive if red; negative if yellow + : Aeromonas, E.coli, Proteus, Yersinia - : Klebisella, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero

Citrate

Gram Negative; test for the ability to use exogenous citrate as sole carbon source Positive if blue; negative if green + : Aeromonas, Klebisella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero - : E.coli and Yersinia

Urease

Gram Negative; Testing for bacteria's ability to hydrolyze urase Positive if pink; negative if yellow + : Klebisella, Proteus, Yersinia - : Aeromonas, E.coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero

Normal flora

mutualistic microbes that colonize the surface of your body without normally causing disease

Symbiosis

Mutualism: both benefit Commensalism: one benefits, one unharmed Parasitism: one benefits, other harmed

Opportunistic infections

an increase in the microbial population or introduction of bacteria to unusual sites on the body, even normal microbiota

Nosocomial infections

infections acquired in the healthcare environment, either by direct transfer from a healthcare worker or contact with an inanimate fomite

H2s Production

Gram Negative; Tests if bacteria can reduce sulfur Positive if black; negative if no change + : Proteus and Salmonella - : Aeromonas, E.coli, Klebisella, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Entero

what causes gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorhoeae

what causes bacterial meningitis

Neisseria Meningitidis

All enterobacterisceae..

can ferment glucose in anaerobic and aerobic conditions and are all oxidae negative

MacConkey agar is both

selective and enteric and differential for lactose fermenting bacteria

Part of the normal flora

staphylococcus and micrococcus streptococcus is found in the normal flora of the throat enterococcus is a normal flora of the small intestine

3 major disease-causing species

S. aureus (skin), S. saprophyticus (UTI), and s. epidermidis ( endocarditis)

hemolysins

substances that lyses red blood cells gamma: complete desrcution of red blood cells beta: clear zone in the media alpha: green/brown zone around colonies

Streptococcus can cause

pharyngytis, skin infections, scarlet fever, etc.

Bacillus cereus forms

endospores