Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS LECTURE > BMS exam 4 > Flashcards

BMS exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Zika Virus

A

transmitted from mosquito bites
- causes microcephaly and there is no vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

West Nile Virus

A

bite of a mosquito; can lead to meningitis or encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dengue

A

Bite of mosquitos
- also known as Breakbone Fever
complications: bleeding from the nose or gums
- there is a vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chikungunya

A

muscle and joint pain; joint swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ebola

A

also known as Hemorrhagic fever
- unexplained hemorrhaging, bleeding, and bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

EEE- Eastern Equine Encephalitis

A

rapid progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Powassan Virus

A

From an infected tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SARS

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- no known cases since 2004

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MERS

A

Complications include Pneumonia and kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SARS CoV2

A

Spreads through respiratory droplets
New loss of taste or smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Pathogen: streptococcus pyogenes
white spots visible on walls of the throat , goes hand and hand with strep throat
Treat to prevent complications such as:
- scarlet fever
- rheumatic fever
- glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Common cold

A

Most common Rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sinusitis

A

can be mixed infections, caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi; often a mixture of other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute Otitis Media

A

Pathogen: streptococcus pneumoniae
Ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diphtheria

A

caused by: corynebacterium diphtheriae- toxin producing organism creating Pueudomembrane forming on the tonsils and pharynx; high mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Influenza

A

extreme fatigue
antigen drift: constant mutation in viral glycoproteins
antigen shift: swapping of genes from one flu virus to another causing strains
Flu A related to epidemics and high mortality
H and N help attach to the cell. They constantly change and so does the strain typing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Whooping cough or Pertussis

A

Pathogen: Bordetella pertussis ( produces toxins)
Very distinct cough, leads to difficulty in breathing
2 stages:
Catarrhal: 3-21 days cold-like symptoms
Paroxysmal: worsening of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus

A

form large multinucleated cells called SYNCYTIA
no vaccine but passive atntibodies
Problematic for babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tuberculosis

A

caused by: mycobacterium tuberculosis
Consumption: gradual wasting away of the body responsible
Necrotic lesions
Hallmark sign: granule a formation
Treatment: multiple drugs for a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammatory condition of the lung which fluids fills the alveoli
bacteria, viruses, and fungi cause it
Two types: community-acquired and healthcare-associated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Community-acquired Pneumonia

A

Cause: Streptococcus pneumoniae
risk factors: old age and alcohol
Cause: legionella pneeumophilia
persists in aquatic habitats
Cause: atypical pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae
called this because symptoms are not the same as pneumococcus
“ walking pneumonia”
Cause: Hantavirus
severe lung edema; in healthy adults
called HPS- hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
associated with mice
Cause: Histoplasma capsulatum
dimorphic fungus, moist soils high in nitrogen content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Healthcare-associated Pneumonia

A

Cause: streptococcus pneumoniae or klebisella pneumoniae
2nd most common nosocomial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

mucus, secretory, peristalsis, fluids, immune cells, normal flora- vast in number and variety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Cause: Salmonella enteritidis
enteric fever or gastroenteritis
- blood in stool, septicemia
Associated with contaminated poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Shigellosis

A

Cause: Shigella sonnei and Shigella dysenteriae
bacillary dysentery
produces shiga toxin causing tissue erosion; bloody diarrhea needs less organisms that salmonella

26
Q

E.coli

A

Also known as Enterohemorrhagic E. coli- different than other strains
10% develop HUS- hemolytic uremic syndrome - hemolytic anemia

27
Q

Campylobacter

A

Cause: Campylobacter jejuni
neuromuscular paralysis called Guillain Barre syndrome
Food borne diarrhea

28
Q

Yersinia

A

cause: Yersinia enterocolitica
Often mistaken for appendicitis
abdominal pain and fever

29
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Causes pseudomembranous colitis or antibiotic-associated colitis

30
Q

Vibrio chloerae

A

severe weight loss; intense vomiting and diarrhea
Rare
INGESTED SALT WATER

31
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

intestinal protozoan
outbreaks associated with swimming pools and aids

32
Q

Rotavirus

A

responsible for 50% of diarrheal diseases
Young children; get vaccine

33
Q

Food poisoning

A

S. aureus: tolerates high salt
Bacillus cereus: causes vomiting and diarrhea
Clostridium perfringens: food left unrefrigerated

34
Q

Cyclospora

A

protozoan infection
associated with fresh produce and water contaminated with feces
can cause weight loss or anorexia; diarrhea

35
Q

Giardiasis

A

caused by protozoan: Giardia lamblia
foul-smelling stool
Suckers cause malabsorption

36
Q

Entamoeba

A

Most significant pathogen among amoebas: is Entamoeba histolytica
causes dysentery; more severe tissue damage

37
Q

Dental caries

A

caused by: Streptococcus mutans
results in a toothache
sticky polymers called fructans and glucans
causes decalcification of the enamel

38
Q

Periodontal disease

A

caused by: polymicrobial biofilm ( bacteroides, porphyromonas, fusobacterium) anaerobic bacteria
initial stage: gingivitis and interchangeable terms

39
Q

Mumps

A

swelling of the parotid glands
can lead to sterility in men

40
Q

Gastritis and Gastric ulcers

A

Pathogen: Helicobactor pylori
Metronidazole - cannot drink

41
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver
- leads to jaundice
caused by CMV and EBV

42
Q

Hepatitis A and E

A

transmitted fecal/oral route
minor/self limited
A- Associated to contaminant shellfish

43
Q

Hepatitis B

A

very series, life-threatening
- development of liver cancer

44
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Takes years for noticeable symptoms
Liver failure from HCV liver cancer and transplant

45
Q

GI tracts caused by Helminths

A

Eosinophilia - the hallmark sign
- have complex life cycles and may involve more than one host
no vaccine

46
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Nematode often called pinworm
most common in children

47
Q

Taenia solium

A

tape worm; the pig worm
Proglandans- part of their body can fall off inside the body
Can have suckers and hooks latch on and grow, take all nutrition

48
Q

The upper part of the urinary system is

A

sterile

49
Q

UTI types

A

Causes: E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, enterococcus faecalis
Cystitis- bladder
Pyelonephritis- kidneys
Urethritis- urethra
frequent urges to urinate, dysuria (burning), and hematuria ( blood)
Risks: diabetics have changes in their immune system, catheters
infants in children: abnormalities in the urinary tract
Women: natural anatomy
Men: kidney stones, blood clots, tumors, scar tissue or structural defect
UTIs in the elderly can cause delusions

50
Q

Leptospirosis- zoonic

A

cause- leptospira interrogans
- dogs, cats, and rats carry them
- many infections asymptomatic

51
Q

Gonorrhea*

A

Cause: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
One of the most common STD’s
babies can get gonococcal eye infection

52
Q

Chlamydia *

A

cause: Chlamydia trachomatis
- symptoms mimic gonorrhea
not uncommon to have both gonorrhea and chlamydia

53
Q

Vaginitis

A

Cause: Candida albicans
- usually opportunistic

54
Q

Vaginosis

A

Cause: Gardnerella vaginalis
shift in normal flora, less Lactobacillus sp.
have “clue cells” covered in bacteria
Can lead to infertility

55
Q

Prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

56
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis*

A

pear-shaped protozoa with 4 flagella
- experience white to green frothy discharge
can cause pregnancy issues
Can lead to complications

57
Q

Syphilis*

A

Caused by Treponema pallidum
Can have latent periods; progresses with no treatment
Primary syphilis: the appearance of Chancre (painless)
Secondary syphilis: skin rash, hair can fallout; can linger for months to years; complications occur in bones, hair follicles, joints, liver, eyes, and brains
Tertiary phase: Gummas form Neurosyphilis, congenital syphilis (cross placenta)

58
Q

Chancroid

A

caused by: Haemophilus ducreyi
ulcerative

59
Q

Human papillomavirus- HPV

A

Genital warts
- some types of HPV lead to abnormal cell changes and malignancies
- known to cause cervical and anal cancer

60
Q

Group B streptococcus

A

Streptococcus agalactiae
- associated with pre-term delivery in pregnant women
- CDC recommends screening all women

BMS LECTURE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions