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Engineer > BLS > Flashcards

BLS Flashcards

1
Q 
CPR : 
Compression rate -
Depth for adults -
Children -
Infants -
A
  • 100 to 120/min
  • at least 2 inches (5cm) for adults
  • at least one third depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5cm) for children
  • at least one third depth of the chest, about 1 1/2 inches (4cm) for infants
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2
Q

Are chest compressions more often too shallow or too deep?
Compression depth of what can cause injury?
Optimal compression depth?

A
  • too shallow
  • greater than 2.4 inches (6cm) in adults
  • 2 to 2.4 inches (5cm to 6cm)
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3
Q

Leading cause of death in US?
What percentage of out-of-hospitals occur in the home?
How many are unwitnessed?
What percentage of adult patients with non traumatic cardiac arrest who are treated by EMS survive hospital discharge?

A
  • sudden cardiac arrest (nearly 360,000)
  • 70%
  • about half
  • 10%
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4
Q

Chain of Survival for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest -

A
  • surveillance, prevention, and treatment of prestressed conditions
  • immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of emergency response
  • early CPR w/emphasis on chest compressions
  • rapid defibrillation
  • multi-disciplinary post cardiac arrest care
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5
Q

Chain of Survival for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest -

A
  • immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of emergency response
  • early CPR w/emphasis on chest compressions
  • rapid defibrillation with AED
  • effective ALS (including rapid stabilization and transport to post cardiac arrest care
  • multi-disciplinary post cardiac arrest care
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6
Q

Pediatric Chain of Survival -

A
  • prevention of arrest
  • early high-quality bystander CPR
  • rapid activation of the emergency response system
  • effective ALS (including rapid stabilization and transport to post cardiac arrest care
  • integrated post cardiac arrest care
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7
Q

Rescue breaths rate -

A

1 breath every 5-6 seconds; or about 10-12 breaths/min

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8
Q

Hand placement for chest compressions

A
  • Put the heel of one hand in the center of the victim’s chest, on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)
  • Put the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand
  • Straighten your arms and position your shoulders directly over your hands
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9
Q

Chest compression and chest recoil/relaxation times ratio?

A

Should be about equal

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10
Q

Seal pocket mask against face :

A

• using the hand that is closer to the top of the victim’s head, place the index finger and thumb along the edge of the mask
• place the thumb of your other
hand along the edge of the mask
• place the remaining fingers of your second hand along the bony margin of the jaw and lift the jaw. Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open the airway

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11
Q

Deliver each breath over how many sec(s)?

A

1 second

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12
Q

Percentage of oxygen in air we breathe?

Air we breath out?

A
  • 21%

* 17%

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13
Q

Bag mask device - mask should extend from where to where?

A

Bridge of nose and cleft of chin

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14
Q

How often should you swap rescuers during compressions?

How long should that take?

A
  • Every 5 cycles or every 2 mins.

* less than 5 seconds to switch

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15
Q

How quickly should you ideally be able to perform the first 2 steps after the AED arrives at the patients side?

A

Within 30 seconds

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16
Q

When should you choose adult pads?

A

For victims 8 years of age and older

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17
Q

Two AED pad placement options -

A
  • anterolateral placement

* anteroposterior placement

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18
Q

Anterolateral placement :

A
  • place one AED pad directly below the right collarbone

* place the other pad to the side of the left nipple, with the top edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit

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19
Q

Anteroposterior placement :

A
  • place one AED pad on the left side of the chest, between the victim’s left side of the breastbone and left nipple
  • place the other pad on the left side of the victim’s back, next to the spine
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20
Q

What is the chest compression fraction?

A

The proportion of time that chest compressions are performed during a cardiac arrest

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21
Q

What is the recommended chest compression fraction?

With good teamwork, what is the goal?

A
  • 60%

* 80%

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22
Q

What is No. 1 cause of death in the world?

How many per year?

A
  • heart disease

* more than 17 million

23
Q

Locating the femoral artery pulse in a child :

A

place 2 fingers in the inner thigh, midway between the hipbone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meets the torso

24
Q

Collapse sudden and witnessed of a child, next step?

A

Leave the victim to activate the emergency response system

25
Q

Signs of poor perfusion : (4)

A
  • temperature - cool extremities
  • AMS - continued decline in consciousness/responsiveness
  • weak pulses
  • skin - paleness, mottling (patchy appearance) and later cyanosis
26
Q

Maximize airway patency by positioning the infant with the neck in a neutral position, which is?

A

The external ear canal is level with the top of the infant’s shoulder

27
Q

Rescue breaths for pediatric -

A

1 breath every 3-5 seconds, or 12-20 breaths/min

28
Q

One commonly used method for reducing AED shock dose for Peds?
Reduces shock dose by how much?

A
  • Pediatric dose attenuator

* about two thirds

29
Q

For infants, what is preferred to an AED?

A

Manual defibrillator

30
Q

Advanced airway in place ventilation?

A

1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths per minute) for adults, children, and infants

31
Q

Opioid overdose is now responsible for killing more adults that what?

A

Vehicular collisions

32
Q

Age definitions :
Adults -
Children -
Infants -

A
  • Adolescents (ie, after the onset of puberty) and older
  • 1 year of age to puberty
  • Less than 1 year of age (excluding newly born infants in the delivery room)
33
Q

Your approach to a resuscitation attempt - your response will be determined by : (4)

A
  • Available emergency equipment
  • Availability of trained rescuers
  • Level of training expertise
  • Local protocols
34
Q

What are crucial for survival from cardiac arrest?

A

Early recognition and CPR

35
Q

For adult patients who are in the hospital, cardiac arrest usually happens as a result of what?

A

Serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that get worse

36
Q

Rapid defibrillation in combination with high-quality CPR can increase chances of survival by how much?

A

Double or triple chances of survival

37
Q

In children, cardiac arrest is often secondary to what?

A

Respiratory failure and shock

38
Q

Which CPR skills you use will depend on ? (3)

A
  • Your level of training
  • Experience
  • Confidence
39
Q

What will determine CPR efforts?

A

The type of victim as well as the availability of equipment and other rescuers to assist

40
Q

Research has shown what makes the shock more likely to be effective?

A

If rescuers minimize the interval between the last compression and shock delivery

41
Q

What is associated with a greater likelihood of ROSC, shock success, and survival to hospital discharge?

A

Shorter duration of interruptions in chest compressions

42
Q

The elements of team dynamics can be grouped into 3 categories :

A
  • Roles during a resuscitation attempt
  • What to communicate
  • How to communicate
43
Q

Who alternates with the compressor every 5 cycles or 2 mins?

A

The AED/Monitor/Defibrillator team member

44
Q

Why is the 2 Thumb Encircling Technique the preferred technique in infant CPR w/2 rescuers?

A
  • Produces better blood supply to the heart muscles
  • Helps ensure consistent depth and force of chest compressions
  • May generate higher blood pressures
45
Q

A pediatric dose attenuator reduces the shock dose by how much?

A

By about two thirds

46
Q

Most out of hospital cardiac arrests happen unexpectedly and from?

A

Underlying cardiac problems

47
Q

Successful outcome (if out of hospital arrests) depends on what?

A

Early bystander CPR and rapid defibrillation

48
Q

Sudden cardiac arrest is often what type of problem?

A

Rhythm

49
Q

Cardiovascular disease claims more lives than what?

A

All forms of cancer combined

50
Q

When is air likely to enter the stomach rather than the lungs?

A

If you give breaths too quickly or with too much force, or too much volume

51
Q

What is an important tool for identifying whether or not opioid use may be involved in a life threatening emergency?

A

Scene assessment

52
Q

You can tell if you have successfully removed an airway obstruction in an unresponsive victim if you can :

A
  • feel air movement and see the chest rise when you give breaths
  • see and remove a foreign body from the victim’s mouth
53
Q

30 compressions should be administered in no less/more than how many seconds?
15 compressions?

A

• no less than 15 secs and no more than 18 secs
• no less than 7 secs and no more than
9 secs

Engineer (8 decks)

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