BLS Flashcards
CPR : Compression rate - Depth for adults - Children - Infants -
- 100 to 120/min
- at least 2 inches (5cm) for adults
- at least one third depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5cm) for children
- at least one third depth of the chest, about 1 1/2 inches (4cm) for infants
Are chest compressions more often too shallow or too deep?
Compression depth of what can cause injury?
Optimal compression depth?
- too shallow
- greater than 2.4 inches (6cm) in adults
- 2 to 2.4 inches (5cm to 6cm)
Leading cause of death in US?
What percentage of out-of-hospitals occur in the home?
How many are unwitnessed?
What percentage of adult patients with non traumatic cardiac arrest who are treated by EMS survive hospital discharge?
- sudden cardiac arrest (nearly 360,000)
- 70%
- about half
- 10%
Chain of Survival for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest -
- surveillance, prevention, and treatment of prestressed conditions
- immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of emergency response
- early CPR w/emphasis on chest compressions
- rapid defibrillation
- multi-disciplinary post cardiac arrest care
Chain of Survival for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest -
- immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of emergency response
- early CPR w/emphasis on chest compressions
- rapid defibrillation with AED
- effective ALS (including rapid stabilization and transport to post cardiac arrest care
- multi-disciplinary post cardiac arrest care
Pediatric Chain of Survival -
- prevention of arrest
- early high-quality bystander CPR
- rapid activation of the emergency response system
- effective ALS (including rapid stabilization and transport to post cardiac arrest care
- integrated post cardiac arrest care
Rescue breaths rate -
1 breath every 5-6 seconds; or about 10-12 breaths/min
Hand placement for chest compressions
- Put the heel of one hand in the center of the victim’s chest, on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)
- Put the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand
- Straighten your arms and position your shoulders directly over your hands
Chest compression and chest recoil/relaxation times ratio?
Should be about equal
Seal pocket mask against face :
• using the hand that is closer to the top of the victim’s head, place the index finger and thumb along the edge of the mask
• place the thumb of your other
hand along the edge of the mask
• place the remaining fingers of your second hand along the bony margin of the jaw and lift the jaw. Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open the airway
Deliver each breath over how many sec(s)?
1 second
Percentage of oxygen in air we breathe?
Air we breath out?
- 21%
* 17%
Bag mask device - mask should extend from where to where?
Bridge of nose and cleft of chin
How often should you swap rescuers during compressions?
How long should that take?
- Every 5 cycles or every 2 mins.
* less than 5 seconds to switch
How quickly should you ideally be able to perform the first 2 steps after the AED arrives at the patients side?
Within 30 seconds
When should you choose adult pads?
For victims 8 years of age and older
Two AED pad placement options -
- anterolateral placement
* anteroposterior placement
Anterolateral placement :
- place one AED pad directly below the right collarbone
* place the other pad to the side of the left nipple, with the top edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit
Anteroposterior placement :
- place one AED pad on the left side of the chest, between the victim’s left side of the breastbone and left nipple
- place the other pad on the left side of the victim’s back, next to the spine
What is the chest compression fraction?
The proportion of time that chest compressions are performed during a cardiac arrest
What is the recommended chest compression fraction?
With good teamwork, what is the goal?
- 60%
* 80%
What is No. 1 cause of death in the world?
How many per year?
- heart disease
* more than 17 million
Locating the femoral artery pulse in a child :
place 2 fingers in the inner thigh, midway between the hipbone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meets the torso
Collapse sudden and witnessed of a child, next step?
Leave the victim to activate the emergency response system
Signs of poor perfusion : (4)
- temperature - cool extremities
- AMS - continued decline in consciousness/responsiveness
- weak pulses
- skin - paleness, mottling (patchy appearance) and later cyanosis
Maximize airway patency by positioning the infant with the neck in a neutral position, which is?
The external ear canal is level with the top of the infant’s shoulder
Rescue breaths for pediatric -
1 breath every 3-5 seconds, or 12-20 breaths/min
One commonly used method for reducing AED shock dose for Peds?
Reduces shock dose by how much?
- Pediatric dose attenuator
* about two thirds
For infants, what is preferred to an AED?
Manual defibrillator
Advanced airway in place ventilation?
1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths per minute) for adults, children, and infants
Opioid overdose is now responsible for killing more adults that what?
Vehicular collisions
Age definitions :
Adults -
Children -
Infants -
- Adolescents (ie, after the onset of puberty) and older
- 1 year of age to puberty
- Less than 1 year of age (excluding newly born infants in the delivery room)
Your approach to a resuscitation attempt - your response will be determined by : (4)
- Available emergency equipment
- Availability of trained rescuers
- Level of training expertise
- Local protocols
What are crucial for survival from cardiac arrest?
Early recognition and CPR
For adult patients who are in the hospital, cardiac arrest usually happens as a result of what?
Serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that get worse
Rapid defibrillation in combination with high-quality CPR can increase chances of survival by how much?
Double or triple chances of survival
In children, cardiac arrest is often secondary to what?
Respiratory failure and shock
Which CPR skills you use will depend on ? (3)
- Your level of training
- Experience
- Confidence
What will determine CPR efforts?
The type of victim as well as the availability of equipment and other rescuers to assist
Research has shown what makes the shock more likely to be effective?
If rescuers minimize the interval between the last compression and shock delivery
What is associated with a greater likelihood of ROSC, shock success, and survival to hospital discharge?
Shorter duration of interruptions in chest compressions
The elements of team dynamics can be grouped into 3 categories :
- Roles during a resuscitation attempt
- What to communicate
- How to communicate
Who alternates with the compressor every 5 cycles or 2 mins?
The AED/Monitor/Defibrillator team member
Why is the 2 Thumb Encircling Technique the preferred technique in infant CPR w/2 rescuers?
- Produces better blood supply to the heart muscles
- Helps ensure consistent depth and force of chest compressions
- May generate higher blood pressures
A pediatric dose attenuator reduces the shock dose by how much?
By about two thirds
Most out of hospital cardiac arrests happen unexpectedly and from?
Underlying cardiac problems
Successful outcome (if out of hospital arrests) depends on what?
Early bystander CPR and rapid defibrillation
Sudden cardiac arrest is often what type of problem?
Rhythm
Cardiovascular disease claims more lives than what?
All forms of cancer combined
When is air likely to enter the stomach rather than the lungs?
If you give breaths too quickly or with too much force, or too much volume
What is an important tool for identifying whether or not opioid use may be involved in a life threatening emergency?
Scene assessment
You can tell if you have successfully removed an airway obstruction in an unresponsive victim if you can :
- feel air movement and see the chest rise when you give breaths
- see and remove a foreign body from the victim’s mouth
30 compressions should be administered in no less/more than how many seconds?
15 compressions?
• no less than 15 secs and no more than 18 secs
• no less than 7 secs and no more than
9 secs
