Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Hepatic Physiology > Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 main types of blood vessels/

A
  1. arteries
  2. arterioles
  3. capillaries
  4. venules
  5. veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do arteries do?

A

carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are arterioles?

A

smaller arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are capillaries and what do they do?

A

thin walled, and accomplosh exchange of substances between blood and body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are venules?

A

small veins where capillaries reunite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do veins do?

A

convey blood from tissues back to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessel walls? describe

A
  1. tunica interna/intima: epithelial inner lining
  2. tunica media: smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
  3. tunica externa/adventitia: connective tissue outer covering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what accounts for the 5 types of blood vessels

A

modifications to the basic three layers provide the structural and functional differences in the 5 types of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the tunica interna form and what is it in direct contact with?

A

forms the inner lining of the blood vessel; in direct contact with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the tunica interna’s contribution to the thickness of vessel walls

A

minimal contribution to overall vessel wall thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the innermost layer of the tunica interna? what is it continuous with?

A

endothelium that is continuous with the endocardial lining of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the endothelium that is the innermost layer of the tunica interna made of?

A

a thin layer of flattened cells that line the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the endothelial layer of the tunica intima do?

A

facilitates efficient blood flow by reducing surface friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the second component of the tunica intima?

A

the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 components of the tunica intima, from innermost to outermost?

A
  1. endothelium
  2. basement membrane
  3. internal elastic lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the basement membrane of the tunica intima provide? (3)

A
  1. provides physical support base for epithelial layer
  2. provides framework of collagen fibers that gives basement membrane significant tensile strength
  3. provides resilience for strength and recoil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the basement membrane of the tunica intima do? (2)

A
  1. anchors endothelium to underlying connective tissue
  2. regulates molecular movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe how the basement membrane of the tunica intima regulates molecular movement

A

appears to play an important role in guiding cell movement during tissue repair of blood vessel walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the internal elastic lamina?

A

the outermost part of the tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the internal elastic lamina of the tunica intima form?

A

forms the boundary between tunica interna and tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the internal elastic lamina of the tunica intima do and how?

A

facilitates diffusion of materials through tunica interna to tunica media via a thin sheet of elastic fibers with window-like openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the tunica media?

A

a muscular and connective tissue layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which of the 3 blood vessel layers varies most among the vessel types?

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the tunica media in most vessels (2)

A
  1. relatively thick layer
  2. mainly smooth muscle cells and sustantial amounts of elastic fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the primary role of the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media?

A

regulate diameter of the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what stimulates the smooth muscle of the tunica media to contract and what does this result in?

A

increased sympathetic stimulation stimulates the smooth muscle of the tunica media to contract; resulting in vasoconstriction or narrowing of the vessel lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

along with increasing vasoconstriction, what does sympathetic stimulation result in relating to the tunica media?

A

also results in vasodilation and release of nitric oxide and lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what regulates the rate of blood flow through different parts of the body?

A

the extent of smooth muscle contractions in walls of vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is crucial in regulating blood pressure relating to the tunice media?

A

the extent of smooth muscle contraction in a particular vessel type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what happens with the tunica media if an artery is damaged?

A

smooth muscle contracts (vascular spasm) to limit blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the most variable to the tunics?

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the external elastic lamina?

A

a network of elastic fibers that separates the tunica media from the tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the tunica externa? what is it made of? what does it contain?

A

the outer covering of a blood vessel, consists of elastic and collagen fiber; contains numerous nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what does the tunica externa do?

A

helps anchor vessels to surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are the vasa vasorum? (3)

A
  1. small vessels that supply blood to tissues of larger vessels
  2. vessels to the vessels
  3. can be seen on large vessels including the aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

describe the compliance of arteries

A

high; walls stretch/expand easily without tearing in response to small increases in pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

describe the tunica media of arteries

A

thick muscular-to-elastic tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is the largest type of artery in the body?

A

elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

give 3 examples of elastic arteries

A
  1. aorta
  2. pulmonary trunk
  3. branches of aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

describe the vessel walls of arteries

A

relatively thin (10% of total diameter) compared with overall size of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

describe the tunica media of arteries

A

thick tunica media, dominated by elastic fibers called elastic lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what do elastic arteries do?

A

help propel blood downward while ventricles are relaxing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

when blood is ejected from the heart into arteries, what happens to accodomate the surge of blood?

A

artery walls stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

as elastic fibers stretch, what happens?

A

they momentarily store mechanical energy are a pressure reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what happens to the thing elastic fibers of arteries as they stretch to serve in the function as a pressure reservoir?

A

they convert stored energy into kinetic energy of blood so that blood continues to move through arteries even while ventricles are relaxed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are elastic arteries also called?

A

conducting arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what are the 2 types of arteries?

A
  1. elastic arteries
  2. muscular arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

describe muscular arteries’ tunica media compared to elastic arteries

A

muscular artery tunica media contains more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers than elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

describe the walls of muscular arteries compared to elastic arteries

A

muscular arteries have much thicker walls than elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

describe the vasoconstriction/vasodialtion capabilities of muscular versus elastic arteries

A

muscular arteries are capable of greater vasoconstriction/vasodialtion than elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

describe the range of size associated with muscular arteries

A

femoral is pencil sized where some are string sized that enter organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what are muscular arteries also called?

A

dsitributing arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what percentage of total vessel diameter do muscular artery walls comprise?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

do muscular arteries recoil like elastic arteries? what does this mean?

A

do not recoil like elastic arteries, so can’t propel blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is primarily responsible for the function of muscular arteries?

A

the thick, muscular tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is vascular tone?

A

the ability of muscle to contract and maintain state of partial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

what does the realtively thick walls of muscular arterioles allow for?

A

not as compliant, so can use vasodilation and vasoconstriction to shift blood to where it’s needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what does vascular tone do in muscular arteries?

A

stiffens vessel walls and is important in maintaining vessel pressure and efficient blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what are anastomoses?

A

unions of branches where 2 or more arteries supply the same body region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what do anastomoses do?

A

provide alternate routes for blood to reach tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what is collateral circulation?

A

alternate route of blood flow to body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

do end arteries anastomose?

A

nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what does obstruction of an end artery result in?

A

necrosis of the tissue it serves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

how might blood supply also be provided (other than anastomoses)?

A

alternative blood routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what are arterioles?

A

small arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what do arterioles do?

A

regulate blood flow into capillary network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

describe the wall thickness of arterioles

A

1/2 vessel diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

describe the tunica interna and elastic lamina of arterioles

A

think tunica intima and thin fenestrated elastic lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

what is the terminal end of arterioles called? what does it taper toward?

A

metarteriole, tapers toward capillary junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

where are precapillary sphincters located?

A

at metarteriole/capillary junctions

71
Q

what do precapillary sphincters do?

A

monitor blood flow into capillaries

72
Q

describe the nerves of arterioles

A

abundant unmyelinated sympathetic nerves

73
Q

what do the abundant unmyelinated sympathetic nerves of arterioles do?

A

can alter diameter and therefore rate of blood flow and resistant

74
Q

what is always needed to maintain blood pressure?

A

some vascular tone

75
Q

what does resistance mean in relation to arterioles?

A

opposition to blood flow

76
Q

what are arterioles also reffered to as?

A

resistance vessels

77
Q

what is the resistance of arterioles mainly due to?

A

friction between blood and inner walls of blood vessels

78
Q

how does the diameter of arterioles relate to their resistance?

A

the smaller diameter of arterioles provides greater friction and contributes to greater resistance

79
Q

what is contraction of smooth muscle in vessels called and what does this result in in arterioles?

A

vasocontriction, increases resistance and decreases blood flow into capillaries

80
Q

what are the smallest blood vessels?

A

capillaries

81
Q

what do capillaries connect?

A

connect arterial outflow to venous return

82
Q

about how many capillaries do we have in our bodies?

A

approx 20 billion

83
Q

what is microcirculation?

A

flow of blood from metarteriole through capillaries into post-capillary venule

84
Q

what is the primary function of capillaries and how is this accomplished?

A

primary function is exchange of substances between blood and intersititial fluid, accomplished through thin-walled exchange vessels

85
Q

describe the structure of capillaries and what that structure is important for

A

walls composed of a single layer of eptihelial cells and basement membrane; important for movement of substances into tissues

86
Q

where does exchange of nutrients occur? (2)

A
  1. through capillaries
  2. through beginning of venules
87
Q

when is the entire capillary network of a tissue active?

A

when the tissue is active

88
Q

what happens in the capillary network when metabolic needs are low?

A

blood flows through a small part of the capillary network only

89
Q

what is the capillary bed?

A

a network of 10-100 capillaries that arise from a single arteriole

90
Q

where do capillaries move nutrients?

A

to areas with the highest demand

91
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A
  1. continuous
  2. fenestrated
  3. sinusoid
92
Q

what is the most abundant type of capillary?

A

continuous capillaries

93
Q

describe continuous capillaries

A

a continuous tube interrupted only by intercellular clefts

94
Q

where are continuous capillaries located? (4)

A
  1. CNS
  2. lungs
  3. skin
  4. muscle
95
Q

what are intracellular clefts?

A

where exchange of nutrients occurs

96
Q

describe the cells of fenestrated capillaries

A

endothelial cells that have many fenestrations (small pores)

97
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries located? (2)

A
  1. kidneys
  2. villi of small intestines
98
Q

describe the structure and pattern of sinusoid capillaries

A

wider and more winding than other capillaries, with large fenestrations

99
Q

do sinusoid capillaries have a basement membranes?

A

nope

100
Q

describe the intracellular clefts of sinusoid capillaries

A

very large

101
Q

what do sinusoid capillaries allow for?

A

allow proteins (like blood cells) to pass from tissue to blood strem

102
Q

where are sinusoid capillaries found? (3)

A
  1. adrenal glands
  2. liver
  3. spleen
103
Q

what is a thoroughfare channel?

A

where blood can pass from metarterioles to veules without much flow through capillaries

104
Q

describe the walls of venules and what this means for shape maintenance

A

thin-walled and do not readily maintain their shape

105
Q

what do venules do?

A

drain capillary blood and begin return flow of blood to the heart

106
Q

what are the 2 types of venules?

A
  1. postcapillary venules
  2. muscular venules
107
Q

what do the postcapillary venules do? (2)

A
  1. initially receive blood from capillaries
  2. are a significant site of exchange of nutrient and wastes
108
Q

describe postcapillary venules

A

very porous

109
Q

what do postcapillary venules form since they are a significant site of exchange of wastes and nutrients?

A

form part of microcirculatory exchange unit

110
Q

describe the walls of muscular venules and what this means?

A

thicker walls means no exchanges with interstitial fluid

111
Q

describe the smooth muscle layers of muscular venules (compare to arteries)

A

1-2 layers of circular smooth muscle

112
Q

what is the most distensible element of the vascular system? what do they do?

A

the thin walls of venules; expand and serve as reservoirs for large volumes of blood

113
Q

describe the walls of veins relative to their total diameter

A

very thin walled, less than 1/10 of total vessel diameter

114
Q

compare the tunica intima of veins to arteries

A

tunica intima of veins is thinner than arteries

115
Q

compare the tunica media of veins to arteries including descriptions of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

A

tunica media of veins is much thinner than arteries, with relatively little smooth muscle and elastic fibers

116
Q

describe the tunica externa of veins and what it includes (2)

A

tunica externa is the thickest layer of veins; includes collagen and elastic fibers

117
Q

do veins contain the elastic lamina found in arteries?

A

no; veins lack the elastic lamina found in arteries

118
Q

how distensible are veins and what is their limit?

A

veins are distensible enough to adapt to variations in volume and blood pressure passing through them but not designed to withstand high blood pressure

119
Q

compare and contrast veins to arteries (4)

A
  1. vein lumen is larger than compaarable arteries
  2. blood pressure in veins is considerably lower than in arteries
  3. veins contain valves; arteries do not
  4. veins are more numerous than arteries
120
Q

how is blood flow from a cut vein different than blood flow from a cut artery?

A

when you cut an artery, the blood flow will be bright and pulsing from the high pressure; when you cut a vein, the blood flow will be darker and not pulsing due to low blood pressure

121
Q

describe the valves of veins (4)

A
  1. thin folds of tunica interna
  2. forms flap-like cusps
  3. project into lumen pointing toward the heart
  4. aid in venous return by preventing backflow of blood
122
Q

what are varicose veins?

A

when veins become dilated and twisted in appearance due to leaky venous valves

123
Q

where are varicose veins most common? (3) which is the most serious location?

A
  1. esophagus- most dangerous
  2. anal canal
  3. superficial veins of legs
124
Q

what is another name for varicose veins?

A

varices

125
Q

what causes esophageal varices? what are the symptoms? (2)

A

when the portal vein is backed up due to scar tissue in the liver and interferes with veinous flow; symptoms are vomiting blood and black stool

126
Q

what are anal canal varices also known as?

A

hemorrhoids!

127
Q

what are the 2 causes of varicose veins?

A
  1. congenital
  2. mechanical stress
128
Q

what happens with varicose veins due to the leaky valves?

A

leaking valves may allow backflow of blood from deep veins to less efficient superficial veins causing blood pools

129
Q

what is DVT?

A

deep vein thrombosis; a clot in the veins that blocks blood flow or could travel to lungs or brain = bad news bears

130
Q

what do varicose veins to do surrounding veins and tissue?

A

create pressure that distends the veins and allows fluid to leak into surrounding tissue

131
Q

describe the affected vein and surrounding tissue of varicose veins

A

inflamed and tender

132
Q

what type of veins are more susceptible to varicose veins? which are less suscetpible and what?

A

superficial veins like the saphenous vein are more susceptible, while deep veins are less susceptible because they are supported by skeletal muscle

133
Q

list and describe 4 treatments for varicose veins

A
  1. elastic stockings (compression socks)
  2. sclerotherapy: inject tissue with compound to induce necrosis
  3. laser occlusion: shut down a section of the vein
  4. stripping: removing part of the vein
134
Q

describe blood distrubution at rest (but rly just know the first one)

A
  1. 64% in veins and venules
  2. 13% in systemic arteries and arterioles
  3. 7% in systemic capillaries
  4. 9% in pulmonary blood vessels
  5. 7% in the heart
135
Q

what serves are the blood reservoir of the body? what can it do with this reservoir?

A

the systemic venous system; can divert blood when needed

136
Q

what happens involving blood distribution during exercise?

A

the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata sends sympathetic impulses to veins causing venoconstriction and allowing greater blood flow to muscles

137
Q

what happens to blood volume and pressure during hemorrhage?

A

blood volume and pressure decrease

138
Q

what happens to counteract the drop in blood pressure during hemorrhage?

A

venoconstriction

139
Q

what are principle blood reservoirs?

A

veins in abdominal organs (like the liver and the spleen) and the skin

140
Q

what is bulk flow?

A

a passive process where large numbers of ions, molecules, or aprticles in fluid move together in the same direction

141
Q

how is bulk flow different from diffusion?

A

bulk flow movement occurs at a much faster rate than can be accounted for by diffusion alone

142
Q

where and when does bulk flow occur?

A

from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure as long as a pressure difference exists

143
Q

what is bulk flow more important for than diffusion?

A

bulk flow is more important for regulation of relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid

144
Q

what is diffusion more inportant for than bulk flow?

A

diffusion is more important for solute exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

145
Q

what is filtration?

A

the pressure-driven movement of fluid/solutes from blood capillaries into interstitial fluid

146
Q

what is reabsorption?

A

pressure-driven movement from interstitial fluid into capillaries

147
Q

what 2 pressures promote filtration?

A
  1. blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP)
  2. interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP)
148
Q

what 2 pressures promote reabsorption?

A
  1. blood colloud pressure (BCOP)
  2. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)
149
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

pressure from water component of fluid

150
Q

what is osmotic pressure?

A

pressure from water moving to where solutes (proteins) are

151
Q

what is net filtration pressure? what does it determine?

A

balance of pressures that are constantly opposing each other in capillaries; determines whether volumes of blood and intersitital fluid change

152
Q

what is Starling’s law of the capillaries?

A

normally, the volume of fluid and solutes reabsorbed is almost as large as volume filtered

153
Q

what is BHP? describe

A

blood hydrostatic pressure due to the pressure that the water in blood plasma exerts against blood vessel walls

154
Q

what does BHP do?

A

pushes fluid out of capillary into interstitial fluid

155
Q

give values for BHP at arterial and venous ends of capillaries

A

arterial: 35 mmHg
venous: 16 mmHg

156
Q

what is IHP? describe

A

interstitial hydrostatic pressure; opposing pressure of interstitial fluid

157
Q

what does IHP do?

A

pushes fluid from interstitial spaces back into capillaries

158
Q

describe IHP contribution to net filtration pressure

A

close to 0; minimal contribution

159
Q

what is the difference in pressure across capillary walls due to?

A

presence of plasma proteins in blood that are too large to move through fenestrations or gaps between endothelial cells

160
Q

what is BCOP? describe

A

blood colloid osmotic pressure; the force caused by suspension of large proteins in plasma

161
Q

what does BCOP do?

A

pulls fluid from interstitial spaces into capillaries

162
Q

what is the average BCOP in most capillaries?

A

26 mmHg

163
Q

what is IFOP? describe

A

intersitial fluid osmotic pressure; opposes BCOP

164
Q

what does IFOP do?

A

pulls fluid out of capillaries

165
Q

describe the level of IFOP/contribution to net filtration pressure and why

A

very small; only tine amounts of protein in interstitial fluid

166
Q

what determines if fluid leaves or enters capillaries?

A

balance of pressures

167
Q

when does filtration occur in capillaries?

A

in pressures pushing fluid out of capillaries exceed those pulling fluids in

168
Q

when does reabsorption occur in capillaries?

A

if pressures pushing fluid out of interstitial space into capillaries exceeds those that pull fluids out of capillaries

169
Q

what is the equation to find net filtration pressure (NFP)?

A

NFP = (BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP+IFHP), or pressures promoting filtration minue pressures promoting reabsorption

170
Q

what is the average NFP aat the arterial end of capillaries and what does this mean?

A

avg is 10 mmHg; so net outward pressure, fluid moves out of capillary

171
Q

what is the average NFP at venous end of capillaries; what does this mean?

A

avergae is -9 mmHg, so net inward pressure and fluid moves into capillary from interstitial spaces

172
Q

on average, what percentage of blood filtered out of capillaries is reabsorbed?

A

85%

173
Q

how much blood is filtered daily? how much of that is reabsorbed and where does the rest go?

A

20L filtered daily; 17L reabsorbed and 3L enter lymphatic capillaries

174
Q

a person who has liver failure can’t synthesize a normal amount of plasma proteins. How does a deficit of plasma proteins affect blood colloid osmotic pressure and what is the effect on capillary exchange?

A

there will be less reabsorption because fewer plasma proteins decreases BCOP; the buildup of fluid in the tissue can lead to edema

Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Hepatic Physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions