blood vessels Flashcards
common carotid A.
- location of bifurcation
- and relation to muscles and veins
- where it leaves the aorta
at C4!
In the carotid triangle
Internal carotid artery
- Route
- Enters skull through carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone
- In the canal the artery passes medially before turning upwards once more to enter the cranial cavity
- Enters the cranial cavity then makes S –shaped bend
- Courses through the cavernous sinus
- Above the sinus it gives off the ophthalmic artery to the orbit and eye and divides into its terminal branches, the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, as part of the arterial circle of Willis.
Name the components of the aorta illustrated as H, I and J
Name the blood vessels labelled C, D, E, F and G
on an aorta,
describe internal and external carotid arteries, vertebral,
What important cranial nerve branch courses under
(i) the arch of the aorta
(ii) around blood vessel E on Fig A?
What would be the consequence of unilateral damage to the recurrent larygeal nerves
Arterial supply to the the viscerocranium and neurocranium
The viscerocranium (facial skeleton) is supplied by branches of the ECA.
The neurocranium is supplied primarily by branches of the ICA.
Ophthalmic artery and its branches
opthalmic A. branches off the ICA
Main arteries of the neck
Thyrococervical trunk divisions
which one is the carotid canal?
Vertebral A,
- route
- foramen
comes from subclavian A. (yam il brachiocephalic trunk)
skips C7 and goes in transverse foramen of C6-C1
enters skull through formamen magnum
On the front of the brain stem they unite to form the basilar artery, which supplies the brain stem and inner ear.
It terminates in the circle of Willis by dividing into the right and left posterior cerebral arteries.
What structures/cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?
vertebral artery suppply what?
supply the posterior neck and posterior parts of the brain (e.g. brainstem, cerebellum)
internal carotid artery gives no
branches off in neck
t or f
True
Location of bifurcation of common carotid artery
The common carotid bifurcates at about the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage , C4
(C4 opens the door)
clinical relevance of the bifurcation of the carotid artery
what is the carotid sinus and carotid body?
Carotid sinus
– dilation at region of bifurcation
– Location of baroreceptors for detecting changes in arterial BP
Carotid body
– a small, reddish brown ovoid mass of tissue, it is a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood
where can the carotid pulse be felt?
just below the bifurcation
functions of carotid traingle, what 2 nerves can u access via this triangle?
vagus and hypoglossal
what is purpose of carotid sinus massage?
we can use it to terminate supraventricular tachycardia
when ICA entrs the skull, it goes through carotid canal in which zone?
petrous part of temporal bone
branches of external carotid A.
external carotid artery terminal branches, what do they erice through?
parotid gland
blood supply to the scalp
is it mostly ICA or ECA
- super super*
- POS*
- mostly external*
- walla madry malait wana asawy mneaumonics, mashy 7alich ok*
Note: blood supply to skull mostly middle meningeal artery – loss of scalp does not lead to bone necrosis
ok
which common carotid is longer?
Left comoncarotid
explain location of vein artery and nerve in the carotid triangle!
The artery lies medially within the sheath whilst the vein is lateral and the nerve behind and in between the vessels.
While you should practice palpating the carotid artery (one at a time) on yourself and each other DO NOT attempt to massage it, as it may cause severe bradycardia and a significant drop in blood pressure!
lol ok
superficial arteries of the face
palpation of facial artery location
Facial artery pulse can be felt at inferior border of mandible, anterior to the masseter muscle
important branches of maxillary artery?
MMA & Sphenopalatine A.
Sphenopalatine Artery supply?
Blood supply to nasal septum
what is the Kiesselbach area ?
Anastomosis of arteries, common site for nose bleed (epistaxis)
most of the blood is coming from the sphenopalatine A.
kiss ma nose bitch
from which artery is the middle meningeal a branch?
comes of maxially A.
and gives of Anterior branch and posterior branch
what artery goes through here?
MMA
- middle meningeal A.*
- causes epidural hemmorhage*
- (MAX likes spikes on the middle of the EGG)*
where does middle meningeal A. lie?
btw dura and the skull!
how many branches does the external carotid a. give
describe couse
and terminal branches
8
where do the veins draining the head and neck lie? in relation ot the arteries
they lie either superficial or deep to the investing layer of cervical fascia in the neck, and run with the arteries
the venous drainage can be divided into 3 parts:
- Venous drainage of the brain and meninges: Supplied by the dural venous sinuses.
- Venous drainage of the scalp and face: Drained by veins synonymous with the arteries of the face and scalp. These empty into the internal and external jugular veins.
- Venous drainage of the neck: Carried out by the anterior jugular veins.
describe the route of the facial vein and where it drains into
runs with the facial artery from the medial angle of the eye
towards the inferior border of the mandible
draining into the internal jugular vein.
the facial vein has a # of important anastomoses with veins draining deeper structures within the skull.
give example
the facial vein receives blood from the superior & inferior ophthalmic veins,
which have a direct connection with the cavernous sinus*** and the ***pterygoid venous plexus.
what is the cavernous sinus?
location
Plexus of extremely thin-walled veins on upper surface of sphenoid
Location of the cavernous sinus (one on either side of sella turcica)
- overlying the foramen lacerum,
- lateral to the sella turcica
- and medial to foramen rotundum, ovale and spinosum.
• It extends from the superior orbital fissure in front to the apex of the petrous bone behind.
What is a cavernous sinus thrombosis and why might it arise?
The cavernous sinus lies intra-cranially and is part of the intra-cranial venous system
this connection is dangerouss guysss! as this connection has implications for infections involving the face, as they have a potential route to track to deeper intra-cranial structures.
what r emissary veins? clinical relevance?
theyre on a mission, to connect the outside world w/ the inside world!
valvueless veins that connect veins outside the cranium (scalp) to the venous sinuses inside the cranium( venous sinuse’s)
- provide a potential route for infection of the scalp to spread into the cranial cavity and meninges
- cools the head
why do infections occurring on the face and scalp can potentially track intra-cranially to involve the brain ?
which ‘vessel’ is the IJV a continuation?
venous drainage of scalp
accompanies veins of the scalp arteries,
- supra-orbital and supratrochlear veins.
- (unite at medial angle of eye to form angular vein which drains into the facial vein )
- superficial temporal veins
- posterior auricular veins
- Occipital veins
Mneaumonic: i itched my scalp before i took it to the POST
Venous drainage of deep parts of the scalp in the temporal region is through deep temporal veins, which are tributaries of the pterygoid venous plexus.
what is the angular vein?
Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins unite at medial angle of eye to form angular vein which drains into the facial vein
Most drainage of the scalp
most venous drainge of face and scalp drain to the IJV except for 2 veins, name them.
occipital and posterioir auricular vein
where is the danger triangle of the face ?
Infections in this region of the face can spread through the venous system & drain to the dural venous sinuses
which of the jugular veins r the most difficult to see? why?
IJV> bc under sternocleidomastoid
measuring JVP
how can u make JV pulsations go higher in the neck?just to make sure if the pulsation ur looking at r actually juglar vein pulsations
abdominohepatoreflex, pressoe abdomen, increases intraabdominal oressure and raises venous pressure, and raises it up
In the examination of the cardiovascular system, and prior to performing carotid sinus massage, why would a doctor wish to listen over the carotid artery with a stethoscope?
what is carotid bruit ? what causes it?
Why might it be helpful to ask the patient to hold their breath during auscultation over the carotid arteries?
Auscultation of a carotid bruit may be difficult dueto the noise of air moving in and out of the upper airway during inspiration and expiration.
