Autonomic Innervation of Head and Neck Flashcards
Describe the organisation of the autonomic nervous system
its is part of the CNS or PNS?
PNS!!
what does ANS control?
- Controls body functions not under conscious control
- plays a critical role in maintaining and regulating the body’s internal environment.
Foramens and cranial nerves
What is a ganglion?
what r the target tissues for the ANS in the head and neck include of?
smooth muscle (in blood vessels), and glands (sweat glands).
- structures in the eye (smooth muscle relating to the pupil, the lens and the eyelid)
- salivary
- lacrimal glands.
explain divisions of the ANS
and where each arises and exits.
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic actions on face structures it innervates
how does the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervate the eye differently?
describe the Sympathetic Innervation to Head and Neck
what is horners syndrome?
HORNY PAMELa
why do u get partial ptosis in horner’s syndrome?
bc the oculomotor is still doing its thannnng.
“lifting the levator palpebrae muscle”
LABEL
sympathetic nerves innervate SALIVARY and LACRIMAL glands
what is the action?
DECREASE ACTION
u get dry mouth and no time to cry when ur scared!
Which cranial nerves “carry” parasympathetic fibres from the brainstem?
FOG the VAGINA
Describe the parasympathetic Innervation to Head and Neck
what r the 4 different types of ganglion the parasympathetic nerves can synapse with?
they arise frombrainstem from 4 different nuclei, name them
SID and EDi r COPS r always “chill”>> ya3ny parasympathtic”
- Edinger westphal
- superior salivary
- inferior salivary
- dorsal motor
Describe the parasympathetic route in relation w/ CN III Oculomotor.
Describe the Pupillary Light Reflexes and the routes it takes!
& why is it when u flash a light on one eye, not only it constricts, but the other eye as well!
Parasympathetic route in CN VII Facial
which part of bone it leave? which nerve it follows? which ganglion it synapses with?
oculomotor and paraympathetic pathway
what do the parasympathetic nerves associated with cranial nerve III innervate?
Sphincter pupillae
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres typically hitch hike with branches of whic cranial nerve?
Trigeminal! 5
Describe the parasympathetic route in facial nerve following chordae tympani nerve
Drescribe the parasympathetic route in facial nerve following greater petrosal nerve
actions of para vs symp
target organs of parasympathetic routes of facial nerves!
Describe the parasympathetic route in Glossopharyngeal nerve
Describe the parasympathetic route in Vagus nerve
Compare the signs seen in Horner’s Syndrome with those seen in an oculomotor nerve lesion
rather than a partial ptosis (as in Horner’s) the ptosis is usually complete or certainly more severe in a oculomotor nerve lesion!
why is ptosis usually complete or certainly more severe in oculomtor 3 lesion rather than horner’s syndrome?
CNIII innervates a much larger proportion of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris muscle in the eyelid;
the smooth muscle component of this muscle (is relatively small= tarsal muscle) and is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.
However, this alone is not enough to hold the lid open without the innervation of CN III on the rest of the muscle.
in an oculomotor lesion, how would the patients eye present?
down and Out
bc the lateral rectus and superior oblique r not supplied by oculomotor nerve!
what is coning? why can it lead to death?
Herniation of the brainstem results in it squeezing through the foramen magnum.
This is known as coning, leads to death as the cardio-respiratory centres in the medulla become compressed.
what does this show, why did it happen
she has pupillary dilation why?
the parasympathetic runs w/ the oculomotor, if it was compressed, it would effect its parasympathetic fibers first cuz it runs on the outmost.
In time if pressure continues to increase the motor function of the CNIII will also become affected; involvement of the other pupil may also occur
Which arteries supply the area of skin over the side of the scalp and forehead; which layer of the scalp do they run in?
If bleeding occurred in the dense connective tissue layer, why is bleeding limited and causes a localized lump, why does it not spread everywhere?
Bleeding occurred in the dense connective tissue layer, above the epicranial aponeurosis.
This area has the majority of blood vessels (and nerves) supplying the scalp and is compartmentalised by fibrous septa.
Any bleeding in this area therefore does not spread particularly far thus creating a ‘lump’ or haematoma
lady with bump on head developed a “black eye”
A blow to the head can not only cause bleeding from blood vessels within the dense connective tissue layer,
but it can also cause bleeding from small blood vessels (emissary veins) that lie in the loose connective tissue layer (4th layer).
This layer is UNDERNEATH the aponeurosis.
Why might infection of a deep scalp wound be of more concern than infection of a superficial scalp wound?
