Autonomic Innervation of Head and Neck

Question 1

Describe the organisation of the autonomic nervous system

its is part of the CNS or PNS?

Answer 1

PNS!!

Question 2

what does ANS control?

Answer 2

• Controls body functions not under conscious control
• plays a critical role in maintaining and regulating the body’s internal environment.

Question 3

Foramens and cranial nerves

Answer 3

Question 4

What is a ganglion?

Answer 4

Question 5

what r the target tissues for the ANS in the head and neck include of?

Answer 5

smooth muscle (in blood vessels), and glands (sweat glands).

1. structures in the eye (smooth muscle relating to the pupil, the lens and the eyelid)
2. salivary
3. lacrimal glands.

Question 6

explain divisions of the ANS

and where each arises and exits.

Answer 6

Question 7

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic actions on face structures it innervates

Answer 7

Question 8

how does the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervate the eye differently?

Answer 8

Question 9

describe the Sympathetic Innervation to Head and Neck

Answer 9

Question 10

what is horners syndrome?

Answer 10

HORNY PAMELa

Question 11

why do u get partial ptosis in horner’s syndrome?

Answer 11

bc the oculomotor is still doing its thannnng.

“lifting the levator palpebrae muscle”

Question 12

LABEL

Answer 12

Question 13

sympathetic nerves innervate SALIVARY and LACRIMAL glands

what is the action?

Answer 13

DECREASE ACTION

u get dry mouth and no time to cry when ur scared!

Question 14

Which cranial nerves “carry” parasympathetic fibres from the brainstem?

Answer 14

FOG the VAGINA

Question 15

Describe the parasympathetic Innervation to Head and Neck

Answer 15

Question 16

what r the 4 different types of ganglion the parasympathetic nerves can synapse with?

they arise frombrainstem from 4 different nuclei, name them

Answer 16

SID and EDi r COPS r always “chill”>> ya3ny parasympathtic”

• Edinger westphal
• superior salivary
• inferior salivary
• dorsal motor

Question 17

Describe the parasympathetic route in relation w/ CN III Oculomotor.

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe the Pupillary Light Reflexes and the routes it takes!

& why is it when u flash a light on one eye, not only it constricts, but the other eye as well!

Answer 18

Question 19

Parasympathetic route in CN VII Facial

which part of bone it leave? which nerve it follows? which ganglion it synapses with?

Answer 19

Question 20

oculomotor and paraympathetic pathway

Question 21

what do the parasympathetic nerves associated with cranial nerve III innervate?

Answer 21

Sphincter pupillae

Question 22

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres typically hitch hike with branches of whic cranial nerve?

Answer 22

Trigeminal! 5

Question 23

Describe the parasympathetic route in facial nerve following chordae tympani nerve

Answer 23

Question 24

Drescribe the parasympathetic route in facial nerve following greater petrosal nerve

Answer 24

Question 25

actions of para vs symp

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

target organs of parasympathetic routes of facial nerves!

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe the parasympathetic route in Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 29

Describe the parasympathetic route in Vagus nerve

Question 30

Compare the signs seen in ***Horner’s Syndrome*** with those seen in an ***oculomotor nerve lesion***

Answer 30

rather than a partial ptosis (as in Horner’s) the ptosis is usually **complete or certainly** more severe in a *oculomotor nerve lesion!*

Question 31

why is ptosis usually complete or certainly more severe in oculomtor 3 lesion rather than horner's syndrome?

Answer 31

CNIII innervates a much larger proportion of the ***Levator Palpebrae Superioris muscle*** in the eyelid; the smooth muscle component of this muscle (is relatively small= tarsal muscle) and is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. However, this alone is not enough to hold the lid open without the innervation of CN III on the rest of the muscle.

Question 32

in an oculomotor lesion, how would the patients eye present?

Answer 32

down and Out bc the **lateral rectus** and **superior oblique** r not supplied by oculomotor nerve!

Question 33

what is coning? why can it lead to death?

Answer 33

Herniation of the brainstem results in it squeezing through the ***foramen magnum.*** This is known as coning, leads to death as the ***cardio-respiratory centres*** in the medulla become **compressed.**

Question 34

what does this show, why did it happen

Answer 34

Question 35

she has pupillary dilation why?

Answer 35

the parasympathetic runs w/ the oculomotor, if it was compressed, it would effect its parasympathetic fibers first cuz it runs on the outmost. *In time if pressure continues to increase the motor function of the CNIII will also become affected; involvement of the other pupil may also occur*

Question 37

Which arteries supply the area of skin over the side of the scalp and forehead; which layer of the scalp do they run in?

Answer 37

Question 38

If bleeding occurred in the **dense connective tissue layer**, why is bleeding limited and causes a localized lump, why does it not spread everywhere?

Answer 38

Bleeding occurred in the dense connective tissue layer, ***above the epicranial aponeurosis.*** This area has the majority of blood vessels (and nerves) supplying the scalp and **is compartmentalised by fibrous septa.** Any bleeding in this area therefore does not spread particularly far thus creating a ‘lump’ or haematoma

Question 39

lady with bump on head developed a “black eye”

Answer 39

A blow to the head can not only cause bleeding from blood vessels within the dense connective tissue layer, but it can also cause bleeding from small blood vessels ***(emissary veins)*** that lie in the loose connective tissue layer (4th layer). This layer is UNDERNEATH the aponeurosis.

Question 40

Why might infection of a deep scalp wound be of more concern than infection of a superficial scalp wound?

Answer 40