Blood Vessels

Question 1

Pulmonary Circulation :

Answer 1

:Flow of blood from R ventricle > lungs > L Atrium

Question 2

Systemic Circuit :

Answer 2

: throughout the body
L ventricle > Aorta > throughout the body > veins > IVC/SVC > R atrium

Question 3

CO = SV x H.R

Answer 3

70 mL x 70 bpm = 4,900 mls/ min
~5 L/min
~300 L/hour

Question 4

Hypertrophy does what to Stroke Volume?

Answer 4

Hypertrophy increases the SV
ex: 100 mL x 50 bpm

• Stronger hearts beat less often *

Question 5

Blood Pressure :

Answer 5

: force of blood against the wall of a vessel
-Arteries higher bp, taken by the brachial artery
-Veins lower bp

Question 6

Factors Affecting BP:

Answer 6

1. Cardiac Output
   CO (>) = (>) BP
2. Peripheral Resistance : blood vessel diameter
   (<) diameter = (>) BP influenced by
   -stress
   -weight (gain weight > length of vessels > resistance > BP)
   -elasticity of vessel
3. Blood Volume : IN of BV = IN BP
   -influenced by sodium (sodium > BV > BP>)
4. Blood Viscosity : concentration of blood
   -increase visc. > concentration of blood > BP
   -ex: uncontrolled diabetes

Question 7

Elasticity of Vessel

Answer 7

(Newborns BP of 80/60)

increase of age > BP goes up > a decrease of elasticity

Question 8

Hyperglycemia :

Answer 8

uncontrolled diabetes due to lots of glucose in the blood, results in ^viscosity

Question 9

Hypertension causes what ?

Answer 9

1. unhealthy bc undue stress on heart overtime causes congestive HEART FAILURE (back flow of blood edema) DAMAGE to kidneys/arteries. can CAUSE an aneurysm
2. Kidney Damage: results in renal failure
   -lifetime on dialysis
3. Stroke “cerebrovascular accident” > ANEURYSM
4. Vascular Disease :
   -Atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque in artery = narrowed artery)

Question 10

Risk factors for Hypertension

Answer 10

1. Heredity
2. Obesity (^ peripheral resistance)
3. Diet (high sodium/SA Fats/Cholesterol intake)
4. Aging
5. Uncontrolled diabetes
6. Stress (vasoconstriction > BP)
7. Smoking ^

Question 11

Types of Hypotension

Answer 11

1. Orthostatic Hypotension
   -temporary drop in BP due to fast movement change (sitting to standing up) dizziness
2. Chronic Hypotension
   due to hypothyroidism
   severely malnourished
   circulatory shock

Question 12

Circulatory Shock :

Answer 12

: blood vessels do NOT fill with blood as they should = decrease circulation

-due to blood loss (stabbed or shot)
decrease BV = decreased BP
OR
severe vomiting or diarrhea (<water loss < BV < BP)
= weak pulse