Blood Lecture Flashcards
Facts About Blood:
-pH
-amount of blood
- normal pH 7.35-7.45
- 4-6 quarts
Functions of Blood:
- Transport
- nutrients (water, amino acids, glucose)
- gases (oxygen + carbon dioxide)
- hormones - Defense
- WBC (defend pathogens)
- clotting in the blood - Regulation of..
- body temp
- pH
Composition of Blood:
-2 main components
- Plasma : (55% of blood volume)
- liquid portion, yellow color & does NOT contain cells
- get’s filtered in the kidneys > urine
- 92% is water, 8% is nutrients (A.A, glucose, vitamins, minerals) (plasma proteins) - Formed Elements : (45% of blood volume) blood cells + platelets
- produced in the RED bone marrow
Plasma proteins :
consist of..
- Fibrinogen; which is needed for clotting (stop leaks)
- Albumins; maintain osmotic pressure by absorbing water into the blood from the tissue (sponge like)
- Globulins; antibodies
- Urea, ammonia, O2, CO2
Edema:
excess fluid trapped in the bodys tissue
Formed Elements consists of ?
- Erythrocytes (RBC) : transport O2 + CO2
-majority of F.E, anucleate (no nucleus)
-contain Hemoglobin
3.
… #2 of Formed Elements :
- Leukocytes (WBC) : Infection fighters + destroy dead/dying cells
-larger than RBC, HAVE a nucleus
-lack hemoglobin
-comes from Red Marrow
Types of WBC:
- Granular Leukocytes:
cytoplasm has colored granules (red, purple or pink)
~~~type of granules
1a) Neutrolphils: most common type, highly phagocytic (eat foreign cells)
1b) Basophil: 1% of WBC, secrete histamine (vasodilation [runny nose/watery eyes] and heparin [anticoagulant]
1c) Eosinophil: 4% of WBC, phagocytize antibodies/antigens complexes (consume parasites)
- Agranular Leukocytes: w/o granules
2a) Monocytes: 6-8% large, phagocytosis (eat up oathogens)
2b) Lymphocytes: 30%, specific immunity (identify pathogens > memorize patho. > produce antiB against patho.), consists of Memory cells, T-cells, plasma cell
… #3 of Formed Elements :
- Platelets “thrombocytes” :
-small dishaped granules
-produced in Red marrow
-cell fragments
-involved w/hemostasis (stop clotting of the blood)
Hemoglobin:
:iron containing pigment on a RBC
(O2 + hemoglobin = RED oxyhemoglobin)
(CO2 + hemoglobin = BLUE carbaminohemoglobin)
Red Blood Cells:
- What causes RBC to be made?
- What would cause more RBC ?
- 120 day lifespan, continual RBC production
-Erythropoietin (EPO) (in>) = (in>) RBC synthesis
-Low blood oxygen content ;
can be caused by exercise = O2 debt
What happens when you exercise ?
+ opposite of an exerciser
Kidneys will increase EPO… EPO then goes to the red marrow which increases RBC production
~if oxygen content increases = decreases EPO being produced
an exerciser now has an (in>) of RBC = (in>) O2 = endurance
OPPOSITE : Sedentary
decrease EPO + decrease RBC + de. O2 = de. endurance
To Produce RBC (what dietary) ?
- Protein + Iron (red meat) + Folate
Anemia :
lack of RBC (loss of blood, ex:menstruation) or lack of iron in diet
Types of RBC:
(type of antigen [surface protein], antibody)
1) Type A, Antigen: A, AntiB: B
2) Type AB, Antigen: AB, AntiB: neither A/B
3) Type B, Antigen: B, AntiB: A
4) Type O, Antigen: neither A/B, AntiB: A & B
