Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 2 Study Guide > Blood Vessel > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of these vessels is the site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid?

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is getting exchanged in the capillaries

A

O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, and waste are exchanged between blood and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arteries

A
  • carry blood away from the heart
  • arteries branch into arterioles which feed into the capillary beds of the body’s tissues and organs
  • systemic circulation, arteries carry oxygen-rich blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Veins

A
  • return blood to the heart
  • from capillary beds, blood drains into venules which then converge into larger veins until they return to the heart
  • systemic circulation, veins carry oxygen-poor blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What important role do lymphatic vessels play?

A

recovers the fluid that leaks from the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 layers of each blood vessel wall from deepest to most superficial

A
  • tunica externa
  • tunica Media
  • tunica intima
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tunica intima

A

innermost layer, contacts the passing blood

  • endothelium is continuous with endocardial lining of the heart
  • in vessels larger than 1mm in diameter - a subendothelial layer supports the tunica intima
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer, circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin

  • more robust in arteries
  • activity of the smooth muscle is regulated by sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers and chemicals
  • small changes in Vessel diameter greatly influence blood flow and blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tunica externa

A

loosely woven collagen fibers that protect, reinforce, and anchor the vessel

  • infiltrated by nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels, and a network of elastin fibers
  • in larger vessels, the tunica externa contains vasa vasorum - a network of tiny blood vessels that nourish the vessel itself
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 types of arteries

A
  1. Elastic arteries
  2. Muscular arteries
  3. Arterioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Elastic Arteries

A
  • thick walled arteries near the heart - aorta and its major branches
  • large diameter - 1 to 2.5 cm
  • elastin present in all three tunica, but tunica Media contains the most
  • despite smooth muscle, relatively inactive as vasoconstrictors
  • act as pressure reservoirs - expand/recoil as the heart ejects blood
  • “smooth” pressure and make blood flow fairly continuously - protection for smaller arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscular Arteries

A
  • distal to elastic arteries
  • deliver blood to specific body tissues/organs
  • most named arteries are muscular arteries (brachial, radial)
  • diameteres range from the size of a pencil lead to a little finger
  • proportionate to their size, muscular arteries have the thickest tunica media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

arterioles

A
  • smallest arteries
  • larger arterioles have all three tunica - the tunica media is chiefly smooth muscle with minimal elastin
  • smaller arterioles are largely a single layer of smooth muscle around the endothelial lining
  • diameter varies in response to neural, hormonal, and local chemical influences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What tissues do NOT have a rich capillary supply?

A

tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 types of capillaries

A
  1. continuous
  2. fenestrated
  3. sinusoid
17
Q

continuous capillary

A

most common, least permeable

  • abundant in skin, muscles, lungs, and CNS
18
Q

Fenestrated capillary

A

large fenestrations or pores increases permeability

  • abundant in kidneys, small intestine, and area of hormone
19
Q

sinusoid capillary

A

occur in limited locations, the most permeable

  • found in liver, bone marrow, spleen and adrenal medulla
20
Q

intercellular clefts

A

gaps of un-joined membrane

21
Q

microcirculation

A

how blood flows from an arteriole to a venule through a capillary bed

22
Q

terminal arteriole

A

branches into 10-20 capillaries - capillary bed

23
Q

vascular shunt

A

a vessel that directly connects the terminal arterioles to the postcapillary venule - allows blood to bypass the true capillaries

24
Q

metarteriole

A

shunt consists of a metarteriole and a thoroughfare channel

25
Q

precapillary sphincter

A

as true capillaries branch from the metarteriole, each is surrounding by a cuff of smooth muscle

26
Q

Why are veins called “blood reservoirs”?

A

Veins carry blood from the capillary beds back to the heart

As you move towards the heart, veins grow larger in diameter - and their walls thicken

27
Q

venous sinus

A

high specialized, flat vein with extremely thin walls

28
Q

structural adaptations of veins

A

large diameters lower resistance to flow

venous valves prevent backflow

29
Q

varicose vein

A

vein that are torturous and dilated secondary to incompetent/leaky valves

30
Q

anastomosis

A

special interconnection between blood vessels

  • most organs receive their arterial blood supply from > 1 arterial branch

Exam 2 Study Guide (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions