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PHT 201 - Embalming I > Blood Vascular System > Flashcards

Blood Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

How many distinct layers do the walls of arteries contain?

A

3

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2
Q

Tunica intima

A

Innermost layer including endothelial lining of the vessel Tunica interna

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3
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer containing smooth muscle tissue allowing vessels to constrict or dilate

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4
Q

Tunica externa

A

Forms a sheath of connective tissue around the vessel that also intertwines with adjacent tissues to stabilize and anchor the vessel Tunica adventita

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5
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and surrounding interstitial fluid
  • Thin walls facilitate faster diffusion
  • Small diameter slows blood for sufficient diffusion
  • No tunica externa or tunica media
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6
Q

Arterioles

A
  • Smallest of the arteries
  • One to two layers of smooth muscle cells
  • Can change diameter to alter blood pressure and rate of flow
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7
Q

Venules

A
  • Smallest veins
  • Poorly developed, thin tunica media
  • Very fragile
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8
Q

Veins

A
  • Collect blood from all tissues and organs —-> return to heart
  • Classified MEDIUM and LARGE (superior and inferior vena cavae)
  • Three tunics (intima, media, external)
  • Tunica media THINNER than arteries
  • Venules and medium veins pressure so low, cant overcome gravity. Need valves to prevent backflow
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9
Q

Vasa Vasorum

A

Vessels of the vessel

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10
Q

Anastomoses

A

Alternate routes formed by blood vessels due to blockage or compression

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11
Q

Collateral Circulation

A
  • Blood takes roundabout path to reach areas where there is blockage
  • Path of least resistance
  • Can happen during arterial injection
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12
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body

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13
Q

Ascending aorta

A
  • First systemic vessel
  • Begins at the aortic semilunar valve of the left ventricle
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14
Q

Aortic arch

A
  • Curves across the superior surface of heart
  • Connects ascending and descending aorta
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15
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk

A

Ascends for a short distance before bifurcating to form the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

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16
Q

Left common carotid artery

A

Delivers blood to the left aspect of the head

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17
Q

Left subclavian artery

A

Delivers blood to the left shoulder and arm

18
Q

Right and Left internal thoracic arteries

A

Supplies the pericardium and anterior wall of the chest with blood

19
Q

Right and Left vertebral arteries

A
  • Supplies brain and spinal cord
  • Primary source of aggravation to embalmers
20
Q

External carotids

A

Supplies blood to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, face

Facial a., maxillary a., superficial temporal.

21
Q

Internal carotids

A
  • Supplies brain with blood
  • Interruption can produce unconsciousness within seconds
22
Q

Brain receives blood via two routes

A
  1. Internal carotid arteries
  2. Vertebral arteries
23
Q

Right and left subclavian arteries

A

Supplies blood to the shoulders and arms

24
Q

Axillary arteries

A

Supplies blood to the muscles of the right pectoral region and axilla

25
Q

Brachial arteries

A

Supplies blood to the proximal portion of the arm

26
Q

Radial and Ulnar arteries

A

Provides distal arm with blood before anastomizing into the deep and superficial palmar arches respectively

27
Q

Digital arteries

A

Fingers

28
Q

Thoracic aorta

A
  • Feeds intercostal arteries and vertebral column (Middle)
  • Carry blood to bronchial arteries (Lung)
  • Esophageal arteries
  • Mediastinal arteries
  • Pericardial arteries (Heart)
  • Superior phrenic arteries (kidneys) —-> muscular diaphragm
29
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

Delivers blood to abdominopelvic organs and structures

30
Q

Celiac trunk

A
  • Only bifurcating artery in the body
  • Delivers blood to liver, gallbladder, stomach, and spleen
31
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Supplies pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

32
Q

Renal arteries

A

Supply kidneys

33
Q

Lumbar arteries

A

Supply spinal cord and abdominal wall

34
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Hole at bottom of head

35
Q

Abdominal aorta bifurcates near vertebra L4 to form ___________________ which nourish pelvis and lower limbs

A

Common iliac arteries

36
Q

External iliacs

A

Supply legs with blood

37
Q

Internal iliacs

A

Supply blood to pelvis and buttocks

38
Q

Femoral and deep femoral arteries

A

Thighs to knee

39
Q

Popliteal artery

A

Back of knee

40
Q

Anterior tibial and posterior tibial

A

Supplies anterior and posterior portions of the distal leg

41
Q

Dorsalis pedis

A

Ankle and foot via plantar and dorsal arches

PHT 201 - Embalming I (14 decks)

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