Blood Vascular System

Question 1

How many distinct layers do the walls of arteries contain?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

Tunica intima

Answer 2

Innermost layer including endothelial lining of the vessel Tunica interna

Question 3

Tunica media

Answer 3

Middle layer containing smooth muscle tissue allowing vessels to constrict or dilate

Question 4

Tunica externa

Answer 4

Forms a sheath of connective tissue around the vessel that also intertwines with adjacent tissues to stabilize and anchor the vessel Tunica adventita

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

• Only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and surrounding interstitial fluid
• Thin walls facilitate faster diffusion
• Small diameter slows blood for sufficient diffusion
• No tunica externa or tunica media

Question 6

Arterioles

Answer 6

• Smallest of the arteries
• One to two layers of smooth muscle cells
• Can change diameter to alter blood pressure and rate of flow

Question 7

Venules

Answer 7

• Smallest veins
• Poorly developed, thin tunica media
• Very fragile

Question 8

Veins

Answer 8

• Collect blood from all tissues and organs —-> return to heart
• Classified MEDIUM and LARGE (superior and inferior vena cavae)
• Three tunics (intima, media, external)
• Tunica media THINNER than arteries
• Venules and medium veins pressure so low, cant overcome gravity. Need valves to prevent backflow

Question 9

Vasa Vasorum

Answer 9

Vessels of the vessel

Question 10

Anastomoses

Answer 10

Alternate routes formed by blood vessels due to blockage or compression

Question 11

Collateral Circulation

Answer 11

• Blood takes roundabout path to reach areas where there is blockage
• Path of least resistance
• Can happen during arterial injection

Question 12

Aorta

Answer 12

Largest artery in the body

Question 13

Ascending aorta

Answer 13

• First systemic vessel
• Begins at the aortic semilunar valve of the left ventricle

Question 14

Aortic arch

Answer 14

• Curves across the superior surface of heart
• Connects ascending and descending aorta

Question 15

Brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 15

Ascends for a short distance before bifurcating to form the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

Question 16

Left common carotid artery

Answer 16

Delivers blood to the left aspect of the head

Question 17

Left subclavian artery

Answer 17

Delivers blood to the left shoulder and arm

Question 18

Right and Left internal thoracic arteries

Answer 18

Supplies the pericardium and anterior wall of the chest with blood

Question 19

Right and Left vertebral arteries

Answer 19

• Supplies brain and spinal cord
• Primary source of aggravation to embalmers

Question 20

External carotids

Answer 20

Supplies blood to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, face

Facial a., maxillary a., superficial temporal.

Question 21

Internal carotids

Answer 21

• Supplies brain with blood
• Interruption can produce unconsciousness within seconds

Question 22

Brain receives blood via two routes

Answer 22

1. Internal carotid arteries
2. Vertebral arteries

Question 23

Right and left subclavian arteries

Answer 23

Supplies blood to the shoulders and arms

Question 24

Axillary arteries

Answer 24

Supplies blood to the muscles of the right pectoral region and axilla

Question 25

Brachial arteries

Answer 25

Supplies blood to the proximal portion of the arm

Question 26

Radial and Ulnar arteries

Answer 26

Provides distal arm with blood before anastomizing into the deep and superficial palmar arches respectively

Question 27

Digital arteries

Answer 27

Fingers

Question 28

Thoracic aorta

Answer 28

* Feeds intercostal arteries and vertebral column (Middle) * Carry blood to bronchial arteries (Lung) * Esophageal arteries * Mediastinal arteries * Pericardial arteries (Heart) * Superior phrenic arteries (kidneys) ----\> muscular diaphragm

Question 29

Abdominal aorta

Answer 29

Delivers blood to abdominopelvic organs and structures

Question 30

Celiac trunk

Answer 30

* **Only bifurcating artery in the body** * Delivers blood to liver, gallbladder, stomach, and spleen

Question 31

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 31

Supplies pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

Question 32

Renal arteries

Answer 32

Supply kidneys

Question 33

Lumbar arteries

Answer 33

Supply spinal cord and abdominal wall

Question 34

Foramen magnum

Answer 34

Hole at bottom of head

Question 35

Abdominal aorta bifurcates near vertebra L4 to form ___________________ which nourish pelvis and lower limbs

Answer 35

Common iliac arteries

Question 36

External iliacs

Answer 36

Supply legs with blood

Question 37

Internal iliacs

Answer 37

Supply blood to pelvis and buttocks

Question 38

Femoral and deep femoral arteries

Answer 38

Thighs to knee

Question 39

Popliteal artery

Answer 39

Back of knee

Question 40

Anterior tibial and posterior tibial

Answer 40

Supplies anterior and posterior portions of the distal leg

Question 41

Dorsalis pedis

Answer 41

Ankle and foot via plantar and dorsal arches