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Year 4 Cancer Care and Haem > Blood Transfusions > Flashcards

Blood Transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the transfusion threshold for Packed Red Cells?

A

No ACS - 70
ACS - 80

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2
Q

How are Packed Red Cells stored and administered?

A

Stored at 4 degrees

Given over 90 to 120 mins (unless emergency)

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3
Q

What is unique about platelets?

A

Does not require cross match

Highest risk of bacterial contamination

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4
Q

Describe the thresholds for platelet transfusion

A

Significant Bleeding <30

Severe bleeding or bleeding at vital site (eg intracranial) - <100

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5
Q

What does FFP contain?

A

Clotting Factors
Albumin
Immunoglobulins

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6
Q

When is FFP given?

A

When APPT ratio >1.5

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7
Q

What is the universal donor for FFP?

A

AB

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8
Q

What is Cryoprecipitate?

A

Further processing of FFP - FactorVIII and VWF

Very small volume

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9
Q

When is Cryoprecipitate given?

A

If Fibrinogen<1.5

eg DIC, Liver Failure, VWF, Hypofibrinogenaemia

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10
Q

What are the option for Warfarin Reversal?

A

1) Stop
2) IV or Oral Vit K (takes up to 24h)
3) Human Prothrombin Complex Conc (works within 1h but wears off - coadminister Vit K)
4)FFP

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11
Q

Name three immunological reactions to blood transfusions

A

Haemolytic
Non-Haemolytic
Anaphylaxis/Urticaria

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12
Q

What is an Acute Haemolytic reaction?

A

IgM reaction with ABO incompatible blood

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13
Q

How does Acute Haemolytic reaction present?

A

Fever
Abdo Pain
Hypotension

Late: DIC and renal failure

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14
Q

How is Acute Haemolytic reaction managed?

A

STOP transfusion
Fluids
Repeat haematology

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15
Q

What causes a Non-HAemolytic reaction?

A

Host antibodies reaction to white cells and cytokines within donated blood

Typically Platelets or RBC

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16
Q

How does Non-HAemolytic reaction present?

A

Fever and Chills

17
Q

How is Non-HAemolytic reaction managed?

A

Stop/Slow
Paracetamol
Monitor

18
Q

What causes an allergic response?

A

Reaction to proteins within donated blood

19
Q

How is allergic response to blood managed?

A

Stopped and treated as per any other allergic stimuli

20
Q

Why do platelet transfusions carry a higher risk of infection?

A

Stored at room temperature

21
Q

What has been done in the UK to reduce risk of vCJD transmission?

A

Leucodepleted Blood
Imported FFP
Unable to donate blood if been transfused previously

22
Q

What is TRALI?

A

Transfusion Associated Lung Injury

Non cardiogeneic pulmonary oedema due to increased permeability in reaction to donor blood components

23
Q

How does TRALI present?

A

Hypoxia
Pulmonary Infiltrates
HYPOtension

24
Q

How is TRALI managed?

A

Stop Transfusion

O2 and Supportive Care

25
Q

What is TACO?

A

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload

WHen transfusion is at too high rate or pre-existing HF

26
Q

How does TACO present?

A

HYpoxia
Pulmonary Infiltrates
HYPERtension

27
Q

How is TACO managed?

A

Slow/ Stop transfusion
Oxygen
+/- Furosemide

28
Q

Name three categories of people who receive CMV negative blood

A

Intrauterine
Neonates (<28d)
Pregnant

29
Q

Name three groups of people who recieve Irradiated blood

A

Chemotherapy
Prev Hodgekins
Intrauterine

Year 4 Cancer Care and Haem (16 decks)

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