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Neuo Block 1 > Blood Supply To The Brain > Flashcards

Blood Supply To The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries provide 80% of the brain?

A

The internal carotid arteries

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2
Q

What arteries provide 20% of the brain

A

The vertebral arteries

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3
Q

What parts of the brain do the internal carotid arteries supply>

A
  • most of the telencephalon

- much of the diencephalon

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4
Q

What parts of the brain do the vertebral arteries supply?

A
  • the brain stem
  • the cerebellum
  • parts of the diencephalon
  • the spinal cord
  • occipital and temporal lobes
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5
Q

The internal carotid artery is a continuation of what artery?

A

The common carotid artery

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6
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery veer anteriorly?

A

At the temporal bone

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7
Q

What is the small branch the internal carotid artery gives off in the carotid canal?

A

Ramus caroticotimpanicus

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8
Q

What does the internal carotid artery enter the skull through?

A

The carotid canal

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9
Q

The internal carotid artery passes through___________ and the _____________ at the base of the skull

A

Passes through the cavernous sinus and the subarachnoid space

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10
Q

The ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery leaves the skull through what?

A

The superior optic foramen

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11
Q

The ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery gives rise to what artery?

A

The central retinal artery

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12
Q

What are the two smaller branches the internal carotid artery gives rise to?

A
  • anterior choroidal artery

- posterior communicating artery

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13
Q

The continuation of the internal carotid artery is called what?

A

The middle cerebral artery

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14
Q

As the two anterior cerebral arteries enter the longitudinal fissure, they are connected by what?

A

The anterior communicating artery

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15
Q

The anterior cerebral artery curves around __________ to supply __________________

A

Curves around the corpus callosum to supply the medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes

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16
Q

The anterior cerebral artery continues as what artery?

A

The pericallosal artery

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17
Q

Occlusion of an ACA causes restricted contralateral motor and somatosensory deficits affecting what?

A

The leg more than any other part of the body

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18
Q

The middle cerebral artery proceeds posteriorly in what?

A

The lateral sulcus

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19
Q

The middle cerebral artery emerges from the lateral sulcus to supply what?

A

Most of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere

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20
Q

Occlusion of the MCA causes major motor and somatosensory deficits in what?

A

The upper body and head

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21
Q

If the left hemisphere is involved in the occlusion of an artery, what kind of deficits would be seen??

A

Language deficits

22
Q

What are lenticulostriate arteries?

A

12 small branches off of the MCA that penetrate the brain and supply deep structures of the hemispheres

23
Q

Narrow, thin-walled vessels of the anterior perforated substance are involved frequently in what?

A

Strokesssssssssss

24
Q

The vertebral arteries run rostrally through what?

A

The foramina of the lateral processes of the spinal vertebrae

25
Q

The vertebral arteries enter the skull through what?

A

Foramen magnum

26
Q

The vertebral arteries fuse together at the junction between the medulla and pons to form what?

A

Midline basilar artery

27
Q

What are the three branches of the vertebral arteries?

A
  • posterior spinal artery
  • anterior spinal artery
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery
28
Q

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

A

The posterior third of the posterolateral aspect of the spinal cord

29
Q

That anterior spinal arteries fuse to make what?

A

1 single anterior spinal artery

30
Q

What does he anterior spinal artery supply?t

A

The anterior 2/3 f the spinal cordo

31
Q

Why must the posterior and anterior spinal arteries be refilled at various points?

A

They are small and cannot carry enough blood from the vertebral arteries to supply more than the cervical segments of the spinal cord

32
Q

What are the main branches off of the basilar artery?

A
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery

- superior cerebellar artery

33
Q

What does the basilar artery do at the level of the midbrain?

A

Bifurcated into the two posterior cerebral arteries

34
Q

What supplies the pons?

A

Pontine arteries off of the basilar artery

35
Q

The perforating branches off of the posterior cerebral artery supply what?

A

The thalami

36
Q

Choroidal branches off of the posterior cerebral arteries supply what?

A

The choroid plexuses od the third and lateral ventricle

37
Q

What supplies the visual cortex?

A

The medial occipital cortical branch off of the posterior cerebral artery

38
Q

What does the circle of willis connect??

A

The internal carotid and vertebral-basilar systems

39
Q

Is there normally a lot or a little blood running through the posterior communicating arteries?

A

A little

40
Q

Technically, if a major vessel becomes occluded in the circle of willis, the communicating arteries would allow flow and prevent damage, but in reality…

A

The communicating arteries vary in size and are normally not sufficient to ensure functional anastomoses

41
Q

Successful vascular flow rearrangement depends on…

A

How fast the arterial occlusion occurs

42
Q

Is it normal to have one or more of the communicating arteries extremely small or even absent from the circle of willis?

A

Sure. Asymmetries are common

43
Q

Where is the venous drainage of the brain located?

A

Between inner and outer layers of dura mater

44
Q

Blood collected by Duran venous sinuses drains ultimately into what?

A

The internal jugular veins

45
Q

Why do cerebral veins not have valves?

A

Because the brain sits above the heart. No need like normal veins

46
Q

What is autoregulation?

A

Process where cerebral blood vessels act to maintain constant flow

47
Q

Arterial and arteriolar smooth muscle cells are directly stretch sensitive meaning…

A

Vessels constrict in response to increased blood pressure and they relax in response to decreased pressure

48
Q

An increase in PaCO2 has what impact on vessels?

A

Vasodilation increases and so does cerebral blood flow.

49
Q

NO is a potent…

A

Vasorelaxant

50
Q

Acidosis has what impact on vessels?

A

Vasodilation

51
Q

A cerebral angiography is produced by introducing a catheter where?

A

Into the femoral artery, threading it up the aorta and then into the artery of choice

Neuo Block 1 (10 decks)

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