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Head and Neck > Blood Supply > Flashcards

Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

Does the EJV lie posterior or anterior to SCM

A

Anterior

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2
Q

Where does bifurcation of common carotid happen

A

C4/ superior border of thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle

A

Posterior belly of digastric
Superior border of omohyoid
Medial border of SCM

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4
Q

Why is carotid triangle important

A

Contains bifurcation of common carotid
Central pulse
Carotid sinus massage
Access for IJV - central line

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5
Q

Where is atherosclerosis common

A

At bifurcation

Plague can rupture and send embolus to brain = stroke TIA or amaurosis fugax

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6
Q

What is a carotid endarterectomy

A

Removal of plaque tissue and stitched back up

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7
Q

What does a carotid sinus massage do

A

Increase baroreceptor activity feedback to heart to slow it down

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8
Q

How many branches does the internal carotid artery give off in the neck

A

None- trick question

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9
Q

Where does the internal carotid enter skull

A

Carotid canal

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10
Q

Where do vertebral arteries enter brain and how do they get to it

A

Up through transverse foramina and through foramen magnum

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11
Q

Where is the carotid canal found

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

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12
Q

After the carotid canal where does ICA go

A

Cavernous sinus

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13
Q

What is the cavernous sinus and where is it found

A

Venous type structure on upper surface of sphenoid bone

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14
Q

What else runs through cavernous sinus

A

Carotid artery

CN 3,4,6,V1,V2

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15
Q

What is the 1st branch of the ICA

A

Ophthalmic

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16
Q

Other branches of ICA

A

Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
Posterior communicating
Forming anterior circulation of circle of willis

17
Q

Branches of ECA

SALF

A

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial

18
Q

Branches of ECA

OPMS

A

Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

19
Q

What are the terminal arteries of ECA

A

Maxillary

Superficial temporal

20
Q

Why is the superficial temporal clinically important

A

Giant cell arteritis
Temporal arteritis

Headaches
Jaw pain
Loss of vision 
Scalp tenderness
T: steroids
21
Q

Blood supply to scalp

A 
ICA:
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
ECA:
Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular 
Occipital
22
Q

Layers of scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue dense- vessels
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar tissue
Periosteum
23
Q

Why does the scalp bleed heavily

A

Artery walls held open by CT so can’t constrict

If involve aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis then it pulls cut open

24
Q

Maxillary artery of ECA branches

A

Middle meningeal- dura mata

Sphenopalatine- nasal

25
Q

Where does the MMA enter skull

A

Foramen Spinosum

Anterior section passes under pterion

26
Q

Significance of MMA rupture

A 
Pterion fracture 
Middle meningeal artery rupture
Haematoma
Unsticks periosteal layer of dura but stops at suture lines
Extradural haemorrhage
27
Q

EJV venous drainage

A 
Superficial temporal
Occipital
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Facial
28
Q

Drainage of scalp and brain into

A

Brain into dural venous sinuses

Scalp drains via emissary veins to sinuses

29
Q

Face drainage and implications

A

From superior and inferior ophthalmic.
Into cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus
Hence risk of intracranial infection as directly connected

30
Q

What is the danger triangle

A

Region where facial veins can drain backwards into cavernous sinus.

Via facial vein to dural venous sinuses

31
Q

Name the dural venous sinuses

A

Superior sagittal
Inferior sagittal
Sigmoid
Transverse

32
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain into

A

IJV

33
Q

How to measure JVP

A 
Right side more direct path
45 degrees
Head to left
Pulsations
Measure height from sternal angle
3cm = elevated
Add 5cm 
Gives estimated cmH2O

Head and Neck (15 decks)

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