blood products Flashcards
Irradiated blood products are used as they are depleted in
T lymphocytes
Granulocyte transfusions
Intra-uterine transfusions
Neonates up to 28 days post expected date of delivery
all need to be
CMV negative and irradiated
penomnic fro transfusion reactions
Got a bad unit
G raft vs. Host disease
O verload
T hrombocytopaenia
A lloimmunization
B lood pressure unstable
A cute haemolytic reaction
D elayed haemolytic reaction
U rticaria (Hives (urticaria) are red, itchy welts that result from a skin reaction.)
N eutrophilia
I nfection
T ransfusion associated lung injury
Vitamin K deficiency may occur after prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics by eliminating the gut flora
true clindamycin.
contraindication for hrt
women with a uterus
The absolute contraindication in the list is the presence of a uterus. Women who have had a hysterectomy can take oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but those with a uterus are exposed to an increased risk of endometrial cancer, and so should be given a combined preparation that also contains progestogen, to reduce this effect.
Which one of the following is an absolute contraindication to combined oral contraceptive pill use?
migraine with aura
if person on metfomrin not tolerating and at risk of hypo what do you give
DPP-4 or thiazolidinedione
Donepezil is recommended first-line in Alzheimer’s disease. Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is recommended second line.
Tyrosine hydroxylase is an enzyme which breaks down catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine).
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are enzymes that also break down catecholamines. COMT inhibitors such as entacapone and tolcapone stop the peripheral breakdown of levodopa increasing the levels that cross the blood-brain barrier.
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) breaks down monoamines which are neurotransmitters (examples include serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine). MAO inhibitors are used in the treatment of many conditions including depression and panic disorder.
Corticosteroids may cause impaired glucose tolerance
does heparin cause high potassium
Both unfractionated and low-molecular weight heparin can cause hyperkalaemia. This is thought to be caused by inhibition of aldosterone secretion. Salbutamol is a recognised treatment for hyperkalaemia.
A 65-year-old female presents to her GP with a 1 month history of weight loss and night sweats. She has been generally lethargic and noted early satiety at meal times and abdominal discomfort. On abdominal examination a firm mass in the left upper quadrant extending towards the umbilicus is palpated.
Blood results show a WCC 100 X10^9 (4-11)
Blood film revealed granulocytes at different stages of differentiation.
Given the likely diagnosis what is the most appropriate treatment?
R-CHOP regimen
Daunorubicin
VAD Chemotherapy Regimen
All trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
Imatinib
R-CHOP regimen - This chemotherapy regimen is used for high grade lymphoma.
Daunorubicin - ALthough this agent can be used in the treatment of CML, it is not the most appropriate treatment in this case given the fact that almost all cases of CML will be responsive to imatinib.
VAD Chemotherapy Regimen - VAD contains vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone. It is used in myeloma and therefore is inappropriate in this case.
All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) - This would be used for the treatment of acute Promyelocytic leukaemia PML-RARA. The use of ATRA helps mature immature cells. The question does not fit with the clinical picture for APML.
Imatinib - This patient has massive splenomegaly and a raised white cell count which is suggestive of CML. The Philadelphia chromosome translocation gives rise to the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase and this can be targeted by Imatinib. This translocation is present in >95% of cases of CML and confers a better prognosis due to the ability to use Imatinib.
continuous “machine-like” murmur)
patent ductus arteriosus
