AMK teach day 8/1/22

Question 1

what does a positive Coombes test indicate

Answer 1

The Coombs’ test is used to detect antibodies that act against the surface of your red blood cells. The presence of these antibodies indicates a condition known as hemolytic anemia, in which your blood does not contain enough red blood cells because they are destroyed prematurely. e.g. haemolytic disease of the newborn

if negative could be hereditary spherocytosis

Question 2

what is a hienz body

Answer 2

Hb deposit on top of a red blood cell

Question 3

feeling on impending doom

Answer 3

blood transfusion reaction

Question 4

what is hydrops fetalis

Answer 4

Hydrops fetalis is a serious condition. It occurs when abnormal amounts of fluid build up in two or more body areas of a fetus or newborn. It is a symptom of underlying problems.

Question 5

G6PD deficiency

Answer 5

X-linked recessive
G6PD is part of a oxidative stress reducing cascade
G6PD deficiency -> oxidative damage to RBCs -> intra/extravascular haemolysis

Blood smear – Heinz Bodies, Bite cells
Increased reticulocytes, LDH, unconjugated bilirubin

Question 6

warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia igG mediated and what is cold mediated by

Answer 6

IgM

Question 7

Most common hypercoagulable disorder
Blood clots
as it keeps activating thrombin

Answer 7

factor 5 leiden

Question 8

ALL - acute lymphoblastic cleukoamia oudn in who

and presents with

Answer 8

Children, most common paeds malignancy
Down syndrome
Fever + painless lymphadenopathy + bone pain
Bone aspiration - >20% lymphoblasts (large + irregular nuclei)

Question 9

another haemolytic cancer is only found in the elderly
Haematopoietic disorders
Leukaemia cutis
Blood smear – Auer rods - purple rods in the cells
Bone marrow - >20% myeloblasts, myeloperoxidase +

Answer 9

acute myeloid leukaemia

Question 10

Most common leukaemia in adults
Increased proliferation of B cells
Asymptomatic for long period
B cell symptoms + painless lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
Repeated infections
Bloods – persistent lymphocytosis + high % small mature lymphocytes
Blood smear – smudge cells
Tx – chemotherapy (with rituximab, ibrutinib) if symptomatic

Answer 10

chronic lmyphlblastic leukaemia

Question 11

Middle-aged
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) -> uncontrolled proliferation of granulocytes
Chronic phase – up to 10 years
B symptoms + hepatosplenomegaly
Accelerated phase – anaemia + neutropaenia; extreme splenomegaly
Blast crisis – CML -> AML
Leukocytosis w/ basophilia + eosinophilia
Tx – imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib

Answer 11

chronic myeloid leukaemia

Question 12

in factor 5 Leiden what can you not give

Answer 12

combined oral contraxpetivepill