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Pathophysiology Exam 2 > Blood Pressure Regulation > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

__________ artery provides more blood to the hand?

A

ULNA artery

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2
Q

In terms of bleeding, Arteries do _______ and Veins do _________?

A 
Arteries = squirt
Veins = pool out...
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3
Q

What is the #1 answer to Bleeding?

A
  • Hold pressure!
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4
Q

In terms of Blood Pressure which number do we worry about more?

A

Diastolic

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5
Q

What is Diastolic pressure?

A

The lowest pressure within the arteries

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6
Q

What is Systolic pressure?

A

Pressure at the height of the pressure pulse within the arteries

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7
Q

What is Pulse Pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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8
Q

What does MAP mean?

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

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9
Q

What is Mean Arterial Pressure?

A

The average pressure in the arterial system during ventricular contraction and relaxation

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10
Q

Age = and increase in ____________?

A

Hypertension

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11
Q

The Highest pressure is in the ________?

A

AORTA

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12
Q

___________________________ occurs at the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filling up with blood?

A

Diastolic Blood Pressure

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13
Q

_____________________________ occurs near the end of cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting

A

Systolic Blood Pressure

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14
Q

What is arterial blood pressure?

A

Represents the pressure of the blood as it moves through the arterial system

  • Blood Pressure differs w/ every heart beat
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15
Q

Blood Pressure can be affected by what?

A
  • Stress
  • Drugs (coccaine/heroin= elevation)
  • Diseases
  • Exercise
  • Nutritional factors
  • Momentarily when we stand
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16
Q

Regulation of BP is found where?

A

In the Medulla of the brain stem

17
Q

Respiratory and Cardiac centers are found where?

A

Behind the head

( brain stem)

18
Q

Epinephrine is a _______________ which is released from the ________________?

A

Vasoconstrictor

Adrenal glands

19
Q

Why is Epinephrine given?

A

Given to increase HR and blood flow

  • which increases BP….?
20
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a role in what?

A

A Central role in BP regulation

21
Q

Sodium 🧂 and water 💧 = ___________ ?

A

Buddies!

(Always together)

22
Q

What is the role of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

A

Retain sodium and water which will increase blood volume and pressure

Hypertensive = Excrete
Hypotensive = Retain (to get BP up)
23
Q

_________________ is found in the carotid bodies of the aorta

A

Arterial chemoreceptors

24
Q

Chemoreceptors are found where?

A

In the AORTA

25
Q

With orthostatic hypotension a patient can be either ____________ or ____________

A

Symptomatic OR asymptomatic

26
Q

In a patient with orthostatic hypotension what should you do if symptoms occur?

A

Lay or sit the patient down!

27
Q

Common causes of Orthostatic Hypotension?

A

LOSS OF VOLUME!!

28
Q

Manifestations of Orthostatic Hypotension?

A
  • Dizziness
  • Visual changes
  • Diaphoresis
  • Poor concentration while standing
  • Palpitations
  • Tremor
  • Anxiety
  • Presyncope, and in some cases syncope
29
Q

Treatment for Orthostatic Hypotension?

A

FLUIDS!!!

Increase Volume

30
Q

_____________is know as the silent killer ?

A

Hypertension

31
Q

What is the most common sign and symptom of Hypertension?

A

Headache (frontal, chronic)

  • Nothing Helps
32
Q

Hypertension can cause damage to the following organs? (without an individual knowing until sometimes it’s too late)

A
  • Heart
  • Brain
  • Kidneys
  • Eyes
33
Q

Primary Hypertension?

(essential hypertension)

A

Chronic elevation in blood pressure that occurs without evidence of other disease

34
Q

High risk for blindness is what type of Hypertension?

A

Primary Hypertension

35
Q

What is Secondary hypertension?

A

Elevation of blood pressure that results from some other disorder, such as kidney disease.

36
Q

Risk factors for Hypertension?

A
  • Family history
  • Age-related changes in BP
  • Race
  • Insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities
  • Lifestyle factors
37
Q

Most common causes of Secondary Hypertension?

A
  • Kidney Disease (renovascular hypertension)
  • Adrenal cortical disorders
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Coarctation
  • Oral contraceptive use
38
Q

The ___________ play a dominant role in BP?

A

Kidney(s)

Pathophysiology Exam 2 (6 decks)

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