Blood pressure Flashcards
How is blood pressure calculated?
Cardiac output x TPR
What signalment can be associated with SHT in dogs?
Older male dogs
Greyhounds
Is obesity a risk factor for SHT in dogs/cats?
No
What is the most common cause of SHT in dogs and cats?
Kidney disease
What are the mechanisms through which renal disease contributes to SHT?
RAAS activation (systemic and intrarenal)
Impaired Na excretion
Increased intravascular volume
SNS stimulation
Arterial changes
Endothelial dysfunction
Lack of NO
Increased endothelin
Oxidative stress
What conditions are associated with the development of SHT?
Kidney disease
HAC
Adrenal tumours - hyperaldosteronism and pheo
Hyperthyroidism
DM
Idiopathic
What are the possible clinical manifestations of hypertension?
Ocular - choroid-patchy/retinopathy
Vascular
Cardiac
Renal
CNS
Epistaxis
What is the mechanism for hypertensive encephalopathy?
Loss of auto regulation, altered BBB leads to vasogenic oedema
Secondary vasoconstriction can lead to ischaemia and oedema
Which areas of the brain are most affected by hypertensive encephalopathy?
White matter
Cerebral cortex
Hydralazine MOA
Direct arteriolar dilator
What medications should be avoided in animals with SHT?
Steroids, EPO, phenylpropanolamine
What are the possible causes of systemic hypotension?
Reduced preload, cardiac dysfunction, decreased vascular tone
How does the presentation of sepsis/SIRS differ in dogs and cats?
Cats tend to have bradycardia rather than tachycardia and rarely have injected mucous membranes
Ddx hypotension
pg 673
How is blood pressure affected by activation of the arachidonic acid cascade?
Prostacyclin - vasodilator
Thromboxane - vasocontrictor
