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HAEM > Blood Plasma > Flashcards

Blood Plasma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four fluid compartments and their relative proportions?

A

Intracellular 55%
Interstitial 36%
Blood plasma 7%
Transcellular 2%

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2
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the blood?

A

Serum albumin

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3
Q

Why does albumin have the biggest peak and closest to the left side?

A

Largest therefore closest to cathode

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4
Q

What ion has the highest concentration in plasma?

A

Sodium

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5
Q

What ion has the highest concentration in blood cells?

A

K+

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6
Q

What is the alpha 1 globulin?

A

A1AT - Alpha 1 anti trypsin

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7
Q

What does A1AT do?

A

It is a protease inhibitor, protects the lungs against degradation of tissue by neutrophil elastase

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8
Q

What are the alpha 2 globulins?

A

Macroglobin and haptoglobin

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9
Q

What does macroglobin do?

A

Inactivates fibrinolysis so more clot formation

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10
Q

What does haptoglobin do?

A

Binds to release haemoglobin, forming haptoglobin-haemoglobin complexes which are removed by the spleen

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11
Q

What are beta globulins?

A

Complement proteins and transferritin

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12
Q

What are Gemma globulins?

A

C Reactive protein - increased levels during infection / inflammation

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13
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid component of blood

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14
Q

What is serum?

A

The blood plasma minus the clotting factors

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15
Q

What is the buffy coat?

A

Leukocytes and platelets

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16
Q

How is serum collected?

A

Blood taken without anticoagulant, so clotting factors are in the clot

The clot is then separated from the rest of the components through a centrifuge

17
Q

What do serum separator tubes have which induce clotting?

A

Silica coating

18
Q

How is the serum separated from the rest of the cells?

A

The serum separator tubes have a layer of gel which forms a physical barrier between the serum and the cells

19
Q

What is the advantage of collecting plasma over serum?

A

Plasma is collected more easily

20
Q

What are the functions of plasma?

A

MOCIEE

Metabolism
Osmotic Balance maintainance
Clotting
Immune defense
Excretion
Endocrine
21
Q

How is plasma involved in excretion?

A

cell metabolism waste products such as urea are transported via the plasma fraction of the blood to the kidneys for removal

22
Q

How is plasma involved in endocrine functions?

A

many hormones are soluble in plasma and following release into the blood travel to their target organs

23
Q

What protein helps to maintain colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Serum albumin

24
Q

what are the key functions of serum albumin?

A

Transport of hormones, lipids and ions

Maintainance of osmotic pressure of plasma

25
Q

How does albumin get involved with beta oxidation?

A

Fatty acids released by lipolysis from the breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue are transported by albumin for use by tissues in 𝛃-oxidation.

26
Q

Measuring levels of haptoglobin can be informative in the diagnosis of what?

A

haemolytic anaemia

27
Q

More than one third of the ATP consumed during rest is used to do what?

A

Power the Na+/K+ ATPase

28
Q

What happens to the shape of the cells when ATP levels depleted?

A

The cells have a tendency to become more spherical because of the inwards movement of sodium ions and water

29
Q

How can plasma be used in passive immunotherapy?

A

Immunoglobulins found in the gamma globulin fraction can be used to transfer immunity from one individual to another.

30
Q

What is IVIG?

A

Intravenous Immunoglobulin - allows for the introduction of relatively large amounts of IgG

31
Q

How are the IgG obtained from patients?

A

Donors are screen for high levels of IgG against a particular pathogen using ELISA, this IgG fraction is then isolated from the plasma of these donors and concentrated

32
Q

What is convalescent plasma?

A

Plasma of patients who have recovered from different diseases like COVID19

33
Q

How can convalescent plasma be used to treat patient with COVID19?

A
  1. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, develop antibodies against the virus.
  2. After the patient has recovered (convalesced), blood is donated to produce obtain antibody-rich plasma.
  3. The plasma is tested for strength (affinity) and number of antibodies.
  4. If these levels are fine, the plasma is given to a patient infected with COVID-19.
34
Q

What is the main difference between p​lasma and interstitial fluid?

A

Plasma is very similar to interstitial with the main difference being that plasma contains much more protein.

HAEM (10 decks)

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