Blood Pattern Analysis Flashcards
accompanying drop
a small blood drop produced as a
byproduct of drop formation
altered stain
a bloodstain with characteristics that
indicate a physical change has occurred
angle of impact
the acute angle, alpha, relative to the
plane of the target, at which the blood drop strikes that target
area of convergence
the space, in two dimensions, to which the
directionality of spatter stains can be retraced to determine the location of a spatter
producing event
area of origin
the space in three dimensions, to which the trajectories
of spatter can be utilized to determine the location of a spatter producing event
backspatter pattern
a bloodstain pattern resulting from
blood drops, which can be produced when a projectile creates an entrance wound
blood clot
gelatinous mass formed
by a complex mechanism involving red blood cells, fibrinogen, platelets, and other
clotting factors
bloodstain
a deposit of blood on a surface
bloodstain pattern
grouping or distribution of bloodstains
that indicates through regular or repetitive form, order, or arrangement the manner
in which the pattern was deposited
bubble ring
an outline within a
bloodstain resulting from air in the blood
cast-off pattern
bloodstain pattern resulting from blood drops released from
an object, due to its motion
cessation pattern
cessation pattern
is a bloodstain pattern resulting from blood drops being released from an object
due to its rapid deceleration
directionality
he characteristic of a bloodstain that
indicates the direction the blood was moving at the time of deposition.
directional angle
the angle, gamma, between the long axis of a spatter stain
and a defined reference line on the target
drip pattern
a bloodstain pattern resulting from a liquid
that dripped into another liquid, at least one of which was blood
drip stain
a bloodstain resulting from a falling drop that formed due to
gravity
drip trail
a blood stain pattern
resulting from the movement of a source of drip stains between two points
Edge characteristic
a physical feature of the periphery of a bloodstain, just defining the edge of a blood
stain
expiration pattern/expirated blood
a blood stain pattern resulting from
blood forced by air flow out of the nose, mouth, or a wound
flow
a bloodstain resulting from movement of a volume
of blood on a surface due to gravity or movement of the target
forward spattered pattern
a bloodstain pattern resulting from blood drops, which can be produced
when a projectile creates an exit wound
impact pattern
a bloodstain pattern resulting from an
object striking liquid blood
insect stain
a bloodstain resulting from
insect activity
parent stain
a bloodstain from which a satellite stain
originated
perimeter stain
an altered stain consisting of its original edge characteristics,
and the central stain having been partially or entirely removed
pool
a bloodstain resulting from an accumulation of liquid blood on a surface
Projected pattern
a bloodstain pattern resulting from the
ejection of blood under hydraulic pressure, typically from a breach in the
circulatory system
satellite stain
a smaller bloodstain that originated during
the formation of the parent stain, as a result of the blood impacting the surface.
spine
these little projections
outside the perimeter of a stain
saturation stain
a bloodstain resulting from the accumulation of liquid blood in an absorbent
material
serum stain
results from the liquid portion of blood - also known
as the serum - that separates from the cellular portion during coagulation, or the
drying of blood
spatter stain
a bloodstain resulting from an airborne
blood drop created when an external force is applied to liquid blood
splash pattern
a bloodstain pattern created from a large
volume of liquid blood falling onto a surface
swipe pattern
a bloodstain resulting from the transfer of blood
from a blood-bearing surface on to another surface
transfer stain
a bloodstain resulting from contact between a blood-bearing
surface and another surface
void
the absence of blood in an otherwise continuous
bloodstain or blood pattern
wipe
an altered stain resulting from an object moving through a pre-existing
wet bloodstain
low velocity spatter
blood that is subjected to a force of five foot per second or less
medium velocity impact spatter
blood that
has been subjected to a force of somewhere between five and 25 feet per second,
resulting in stain sizes ranging from one to four millimeters in diameter
High velocity spatter
blood that is
subjected to a force exceeding 100 feet per second, and this results in stain sizes
that are usually less than or equal to one millimeter in diameter
