Blood & Nutrition

Question 1

what are the symptoms of iron deficiency?

Answer 1

tiredness, pallor, SOB, palpitations

Question 2

what is the patient counselling for taking iron preparations?

Answer 2

take with or after food
take with a glass of orange juice (Vit C aids absorption)

Question 3

how long should you treat iron deficiency?

Answer 3

continue for 3 months after bloods in range

Question 4

what is the MHRA alert for IV iron?

Answer 4

hypersensitivity

monitor for 30 mins every administration

Question 5

what are the symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia?

Answer 5

high MCV
numbness, tingling hands/ feet, muscles weakness, depression

Question 6

what are the causes of megaloblastic anaemia?

Answer 6

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency or BOTH

• if both, important to treat B12 first as folic acid alone can mask symptoms and cause neuropathy

Question 7

how can you treat megaloblastic anaemia?

Answer 7

B12:
hydroxocobalamin (IM injection 3 monthly)
cobalamin (oral OD)

Folate:
folic acid 5mg daily for four months

Question 8

what is the treatment for iron overload?

Answer 8

desferrioxamine

Question 9

what is the treatment for neutropenia?

Answer 9

filgrastim

Question 10

which drugs should be avoided in people with G6PD deficiency?

Answer 10

quinolones, nitrofurantoin, aspirin, chloroquine, quinine, sullphonylureas

Question 11

what is the normal range for potassium?

Answer 11

3.5-5.3

Question 12

what are the symptoms of hypokalaemia?

Answer 12

muscle cramps, fatigue, palpitations, arrhythmias

Question 13

what are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia?

Answer 13

fatigue, numbness, SOB, chest pain, palpitations

Question 14

what drugs cause hypokalaemia?

Answer 14

Aminophylline/ theophylline
Beta agonists
Corticosteroids
Diuretics (loop/ thiazide)
Erythromycin/ clarithromycin
Insulin

ABCDEI

Question 15

what is the treatment of hypokalaemia?

Answer 15

mild/ moderate:
oral sando-k

severe:
IV KCl

Question 16

what drugs cause hyperkalaemia?

Answer 16

Trimethoprim
Heparins
ACE/ ARB
NSAIDs
K
Sparing diuretics
Beta blockers

THANKS B

Question 17

what is the treatment for hyperkalaemia?

Answer 17

mild/moderate:
calcium resonium

severe (>6.5):
IV CaCl
soluble insulin
salbutamol

Question 18

what is the normal range of sodium?

Answer 18

133-146

Question 19

what are the symptoms of hyponatraemia?

Answer 19

nausea, headache, confusion, fatigue, irritability, seizures

Question 20

what are the symptoms of hypernatraemia?

Answer 20

thirst, fatigue

Question 21

what drugs cause hyponatraemia?

Answer 21

Carbamazepine
Diuretics
Desmopressin
SSRIs

Certain Drugs Ditch Salt

Question 22

what is the treatment of hyponatraemia?

Answer 22

mild/ moderate:
oral sodium bicarbonate

severe:
IV NaCl

Question 23

what drugs cause hypernatraemia?

Answer 23

Sodium bicarbonate
Corticosteroids
Effervescent forms
Oestrogens/ androgens

Salty CEO

Question 24

what is the normal range of calcium?

Answer 24

2.2-2.6

Question 25

what are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

Answer 25

muscle cramps, confusion, depression, forgetfulness

Question 26

what are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia?

Answer 26

nausea, lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps, arrhythmias

Question 27

how do you treat hypocalcaemia?

Answer 27

calcium supplements if dietary not adequate oral supplements with vit D severe acute/ hypocalcaemic tetany: slow IV calcium gluconate 10%

Question 28

how do you treat hypercalcaemia?

Answer 28

severe: correct dehydration - IV NaCl bisphosphonates + pamidronate corticosteroids calcitonin

Question 29

how do you treat hypercalciuria?

Answer 29

increase fluid intake bendroflumethiazide

Question 30

what is the normal range for magnesium?

Answer 30

0.6-1

Question 31

what are the symptoms of hypermagnesaemia?

Answer 31

muscle weakness, arrhythmia

Question 32

how do you treat hypermagnesaemia?

Answer 32

calcium gluconate

Question 33

how do you treat hypomagnesaemia?

Answer 33

symptomatic: IV/ IM magnesium sulfate mild: oral magnesium

Question 34

what is the normal range of phosphate?

Answer 34

0.87-1.45

Question 35

how do you treat hypophosphotaemia?

Answer 35

oral phosphate supplements

Question 36

how do you treat hyperphosphotaemia?

Answer 36

1st calcium acetate 2nd sevelamer 3rd CaCO3 OR sucroferric oxyhydroxide

Question 37

what are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 37

thirst, polyuria, constipation, fatigue, memory impaired, CVD, kidney stones, osteoporosis

Question 38

how do you treat hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 38

1st parathyroidectomy drug treatment: cinacalcet supplement vit D if needed bisphosphonate

Question 39

how do you treat an acute crisis of acute porphyria?

Answer 39

IV haem arginate

Question 40

what are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 40

A,D,E,K

Question 41

what can a lack of vitamin D cause?

Answer 41

rickets (bow legged)

Question 42

what can a lack of vitamin A cause?

Answer 42

occular defects

Question 43

what can a lack of vitamin E cause?

Answer 43

neuromuscular abnormalaties

Question 44

what are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 44

B,C

Question 45

what is vitamin B1 and what can a lack of it cause?

Answer 45

thiamine causes Wernicke's encephalopathy

Question 46

what is vitamin B6 and what can a lack of it cause?

Answer 46

pyroxidine causes peripheral neuropathy

Question 47

what is vitamin B12 and what can a lack of it cause?

Answer 47

hydroxocobalamin/ cyanocobalamin causes megaloblastic anaemia

Question 48

what is vitamin B2 and what can a lack of it cause?

Answer 48

riboflavin causes skin, eyes and nervous system problems

Question 49

what can a lack of vitamin C cause?

Answer 49

scurvy (bleeding gums) impaired wound healing