Blood Material Interaction Flashcards
What is Plasma and what percentage of the blood does it make up?
the yellowy portion of the blood made up of water, salts and proteins
it makes up 52 - 57% of the blood
Which cells are in the blood and what percentage of the blood does this take up?
Erythrocytes RBC - 38%F and 48%M
leukocytes - 1%
What is Hematocrit?
the ratio of the volume of RBC to the volume of blood
What are the cells that are involved in the proliferation of erythrocytes?
there are 6 of these.
- Proerythrocytes
- early erythroblast
- late erythroblast
- normoblast
- normoblast minus nucleus
- reticulocytes
What is an erythrocyte effectively?
a sack of haemoglobin
How long does an erythrocyte remain in circulation?
around 120 days
What is the protein that is part of the RBC feedback loop (stimulates the production of more RBC) and is also used for doping?
erythropoietin - EPO
What does a Newtonian fluid mean?
When viscosity doesn’t depend on shear stress
Is blood Newtonian or non-newtonian? what does this mean?
non-newtonian!
this means that in high-pressure situations such as the capillaries blood is effectively solid
What does hypertonic mean and what might this mean to blood cells?
hypertonic basically means that there is more salt outside of the cell so the water in the cell leaves due to osmotic pressure. The cell becomes shrivelled
What does isotonic?
there is a balance between the salt content in and out of the cell
What does hypotonic mean that why does this mean for blood cells?
hypotonic means that there is too much salt inside the cell so the cells become swollen with water
What is sickle cell disease?
there is a mutation which means that glutamine (a hydrophilic molecule) isn’t produced and valine (a non-polar molecule) is. Valine causes haemoglobin polymerisation which leads to cells becoming misshapen. This can lead to blocked capillaries and RBC rupture.
What is it called when you don’t have enough red blood cells?
anaemia
What are platelets?
fragments of megakaryocytes
