blood & immune system lecture 3 Flashcards
what is immunity?
body’s ability to protect itself by resisting or eliminating potentially harmful foreign invaders
what is immune surveillance?
identifies and destroys abnormal or mutant cells that have originated in the body
what is bacteria?
non-nucleated organism
what is the function of bacteria?
cause tissue damage & cause disease by releasing enzymes & toxins
what is virus?
contains DNA or RNA enclosed by protein coat
what is the function of virus?
cannot carry out metabolism/reproduce also invading host cell
what is fungi?
protozoan parasites
what is the notion/function of fungi?
notion of virulence: inherent ability to cause disease
what are the 3 types of external defenses?
1) mechanical
2) chemical
3) microbiological
what is mechanical external defense?
epithelial cells joined by tight junctions
what is chemical external defense?
peptides inhibit bacteria production
what is microbiological external defense?
kill unsafe bacteria
what are the 8 internal defenses?
1) bone marrow
2) thymus
3) lymph nodes
4) spleen
5) tonsils
6) adenoids
7) appendix
8) Peyer’s patches or gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
what is the function of bone marrow?
production of WBC & RBC
what is the function of thymus?
T lymphocytes made in bone marrow but not mature/functional, so have to travel to thymus
what is the function of lymph nodes?
lymphocytes, BT nodes, drain major sites, immune cells can come to the site of infection
what is the function of the spleen?
worn out RBC, filter for the blood
what is the function of tonsils & adenoids?
lymphatic cells
what is the function of appendix?
lymphoid cells
what is the function of payer’s patches?
sample & make sure no pathogens on food gut associated lymphoid tissue (GLAT)
what are the 2 types of immune response?
1) innate
2) adaptive
what is innate immune response?
non-selectively defend against foreign material
what is the first immune response?
innate immune response
what are the 5 defenses in innate response?
1) inflammation
2) interferons
3) natural killer cells (NK)
4) complement system
5) dendritic cells
what is adaptive response?
selectively target particular invaders
what are the 2 types of adaptive response?
1) antibody-mediated immunity (humoral)
1) cell-mediated immunity
what is antibody-mediated immunity?
production of antibodies by plasma cells (B lymphocytes)
what is cell-mediated immunity?
- production of activated T lymphocytes
- directly attack unwanted cells
how long does adaptive immune response take to activate?
around 7 days
how long does innate immune response take?
immediately
what is the innate response tissue?
inflammation
what is released from macrophages in innate immune response?
cytokines & chemokines
what helps dilate blood vessels?
histamine
