blood & immune system lecture 3

Question 1

what is immunity?

Answer 1

body’s ability to protect itself by resisting or eliminating potentially harmful foreign invaders

Question 2

what is immune surveillance?

Answer 2

identifies and destroys abnormal or mutant cells that have originated in the body

Question 3

what is bacteria?

Answer 3

non-nucleated organism

Question 4

what is the function of bacteria?

Answer 4

cause tissue damage & cause disease by releasing enzymes & toxins

Question 5

what is virus?

Answer 5

contains DNA or RNA enclosed by protein coat

Question 6

what is the function of virus?

Answer 6

cannot carry out metabolism/reproduce also invading host cell

Question 7

what is fungi?

Answer 7

protozoan parasites

Question 8

what is the notion/function of fungi?

Answer 8

notion of virulence: inherent ability to cause disease

Question 9

what are the 3 types of external defenses?

Answer 9

1) mechanical
2) chemical
3) microbiological

Question 10

what is mechanical external defense?

Answer 10

epithelial cells joined by tight junctions

Question 11

what is chemical external defense?

Answer 11

peptides inhibit bacteria production

Question 12

what is microbiological external defense?

Answer 12

kill unsafe bacteria

Question 13

what are the 8 internal defenses?

Answer 13

1) bone marrow
2) thymus
3) lymph nodes
4) spleen
5) tonsils
6) adenoids
7) appendix
8) Peyer’s patches or gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Question 14

what is the function of bone marrow?

Answer 14

production of WBC & RBC

Question 15

what is the function of thymus?

Answer 15

T lymphocytes made in bone marrow but not mature/functional, so have to travel to thymus

Question 16

what is the function of lymph nodes?

Answer 16

lymphocytes, BT nodes, drain major sites, immune cells can come to the site of infection

Question 17

what is the function of the spleen?

Answer 17

worn out RBC, filter for the blood

Question 18

what is the function of tonsils & adenoids?

Answer 18

lymphatic cells

Question 19

what is the function of appendix?

Answer 19

lymphoid cells

Question 20

what is the function of payer’s patches?

Answer 20

sample & make sure no pathogens on food gut associated lymphoid tissue (GLAT)

Question 21

what are the 2 types of immune response?

Answer 21

1) innate

2) adaptive

Question 22

what is innate immune response?

Answer 22

non-selectively defend against foreign material

Question 23

what is the first immune response?

Answer 23

innate immune response

Question 24

what are the 5 defenses in innate response?

Answer 24

1) inflammation
2) interferons
3) natural killer cells (NK)
4) complement system
5) dendritic cells

Question 25

what is adaptive response?

Answer 25

selectively target particular invaders

Question 26

what are the 2 types of adaptive response?

Answer 26

1) antibody-mediated immunity (humoral)

1) cell-mediated immunity

Question 27

what is antibody-mediated immunity?

Answer 27

production of antibodies by plasma cells (B lymphocytes)

Question 28

what is cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 28

• production of activated T lymphocytes

- directly attack unwanted cells

Question 29

how long does adaptive immune response take to activate?

Answer 29

around 7 days

Question 30

how long does innate immune response take?

Answer 30

immediately

Question 31

what is the innate response tissue?

Answer 31

inflammation

Question 32

what is released from macrophages in innate immune response?

Answer 32

cytokines & chemokines

Question 33

what helps dilate blood vessels?

Answer 33

histamine