blood & immune system lecture 1

Question 1

blood consists of what 3 components?

Answer 1

1) erythrocytes
2) leukocytes
3) platelets

Question 2

what are erythrocytes?

Answer 2

RBC (important for O2 transport)

Question 3

what are leukocytes?

Answer 3

WBC (immune systems mobile defence unit)

Question 4

what are platelets?

Answer 4

cell fragments (important in homeostasis)

Question 5

what is homeostasis?

Answer 5

equilibrium, balance

Question 6

what are the 3 physiological roles of blood?

Answer 6

• carrying O2, nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes, heat
• regulation of body temp, pH
• protection through clotting & immunoglobulins

Question 7

what are the components of plasma?

Answer 7

1) water
2) electrolytes
3) nutrients, wastes, gas, hormones

Question 8

what are the 3 plasma proteins?

Answer 8

1) albumins
2) globulins
3) fibrinogen

Question 9

what is albumin?

Answer 9

transport substances, contribute to colloid osmotic pressure (non-specific)

Question 10

what are the 2 types of globulins?

Answer 10

1) alpha & beta

2) gamma

Question 11

what are alpha & beta globulins?

Answer 11

transport water-insoluble substances
- includes clotting factors and inactive precursor
molecules
- Specific (e.g. cholesterol, iron, complement, etc…)

Question 12

what are gamma globulins?

Answer 12

antibodies

Question 13

what is fibrinogen?

Answer 13

an inactive precursor for a clot’s fibrin meshwork

Question 14

what is the percentage of body weight that accounts for blood?

Answer 14

8%

Question 15

how many litres of blood does a female have?

Answer 15

5 L

Question 16

how many litres of blood does a male have?

Answer 16

5.5 L

Question 17

plasma has what percentage of water?

Answer 17

90%

Question 18

what is the function of water in plasma?

Answer 18

water is a transport medium & carries heat

Question 19

what is the function of electrolytes in plasma?

Answer 19

• membrane excitability;
• distribute fluid by osmosis between ECF and ICF;
• buffer pH changes
• Most abundant electrolytes are sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-)

Question 20

what are the most abundant electrolytes in plasma?

Answer 20

most abundant electrolytes are sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-)

Question 21

what is the function of nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones in plasma?

Answer 21

• transported in the blood

- blood CO2 plays a role in acid–base balance

Question 22

what is the most abundant protein in the body?

Answer 22

collagen

Question 23

what is the most abundant protein in the blood?

Answer 23

albumin

Question 24

erythrocytes

Answer 24

5 billion RBC per litre of blood

- donut shaped

Question 25

what is the function of erythrocytes?

Answer 25

carry oxygen to live & generate ATP constantly

Question 26

what is the function of plasma proteins?

Answer 26

exert an osmotic effect important in the distribution of the ECF between the vascular and interstitial compartments; buffer pH changes

Question 27

what is the structure of erythrocytes?

Answer 27

flattened disk provides larger SA which is directly proportional to the rate of diffusion

Question 28

why is SA indirectly proportional to thickness of the membrane?

Answer 28

thicker plasma membrane = slower diffusion of plasma mem

Question 29

does RBC have a thin or thick plasma membrane?

Answer 29

RBC have a thin plasma membrane to allow faster diffusion of oxygen

Question 30

hemoglobin is made up of how many subunits?

Answer 30

4 subunits - highly folded polypeptide chains | 2 alpha chains & 2 beta chains

Question 31

how many oxygen s can a RBC carry?

Answer 31

1 billion oxygen molecules

Question 32

how many molecules can hemoglobin (Hb) transport?

Answer 32

4 O2 molecules

Question 33

heme

Answer 33

4 iron-containing non-protein groups

Question 34

what is globin?

Answer 34

4 highly folded polypeptide chains

Question 35

what is erythropoiesis?

Answer 35

replenish dying RBC with new

Question 36

can RBC divide?

Answer 36

NO, spleen removes old RBC

Question 37

where is erythropoietin made?

Answer 37

in the kidney