blood & immune system lecture 2

Question 1

what are antigens?

Answer 1

large complex molecules trigger immune response against itself when itself when enters body

Question 2

what are the 4 types of ABO blood types?

Answer 2

A
B
AB
O

Question 3

what is a transfusion reaction?

Answer 3

transfusion reaction resulting from type B blood transfused to a recipient with type A blood

Question 4

what is the antigen for blood type A?

Answer 4

A antigen

Question 5

what is the antibodies for blood type A?

Answer 5

anti-B

Question 6

what is the antigen for blood type B?

Answer 6

B antigen

Question 7

what is the antibodies for blood type B?

Answer 7

anti-A

Question 8

what is the antigen for blood type AB?

Answer 8

A & B

Question 9

what is the antibodies for blood type AB?

Answer 9

no antibodies

Question 10

what is the antigen for blood type O?

Answer 10

no antigens

Question 11

what is the antibodies for blood type O?

Answer 11

anti-A & anti-B

Question 12

what is the rhesus (Rh) blood group?

Answer 12

anoitgen system - CDE system: 50 group antigen, 5 primary antigen groups (D,C,E,c,e)

Question 13

which allele is the most common in the Rh blood group?

Answer 13

D

Question 14

which antigen produces the most antibodies?

Answer 14

D

Question 15

what does Rh + mean?

Answer 15

D present

Question 16

what does Rh - mean?

Answer 16

D absent = d

Question 17

what are leukocytes?

Answer 17

mobile defense units

Question 18

what are the 5 major types of circulating leukocytes?

Answer 18

1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils
4) monocytes
5) lymphocytes

Question 19

what percentage of neutrophils make up leukocytes (WBC)?

Answer 19

60-70%

Question 20

what percentage of eosinophils make up leukocytes?

Answer 20

1-4%

Question 21

what percentage of basophils make up leukocytes?

Answer 21

0.25-0.5%

Question 22

which 3 circulating leukocytes are multisegmented/polymorphonuclear granulocytes/multisegmented?

Answer 22

1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils

Question 23

what percentage of monocytes make up leukocytes?

Answer 23

2-6%

Question 24

what percentage of lymphocytes make up leukocytes?

Answer 24

25-33%

Question 25

what is the second most abundant WBC in blood?

Answer 25

lymphocytes

Question 26

how much WBC/mL?

Answer 26

7 million WBC/mL

Question 27

how much RBC/mL?

Answer 27

5 billion RBC/mL

Question 28

what are granulocytes?

Answer 28

granule containing cells

Question 29

what are polymorphonuclear?

Answer 29

many shaped nucleus

Question 30

what is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 30

- phagocytic specialist (cell eating) - throw out nuclear material - neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - trap bacteria & DNA

Question 31

what is the function of eosinophils?

Answer 31

- kill antibody-coated parasites | - attaches to worm & kills with substance

Question 32

what is the function of basophils?

Answer 32

- thought to play a role in parastic infections

Question 33

what are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

Answer 33

1) large granular lymphocytes | 2) small lympphocytes

Question 34

what is the function of monocytes?

Answer 34

- phagocytosis - antigen presentation - cytokine production - cytotoxicity - kill foreign cells

Question 35

what is histamine?

Answer 35

allergic reactions released

Question 36

what is heparin?

Answer 36

speeds up removal of fes rom ablood fter fatty meal

Question 37

what is heparin?

Answer 37

speeds up the removal of fat particles from blood after fatty meal

Question 38

what are mononuclear agranualocytes?

Answer 38

single nucleau & lack granules

Question 39

what are mononuclear agranulocytes cells?

Answer 39

single nucleus & lack granules

Question 40

where do monocytes come from?

Answer 40

bone marrow

Question 41

which leukocyte is a tissue resident?

Answer 41

macrophages

Question 42

what is the function of macrophages?

Answer 42

- cell eater - first to sense invading microorganism - secrete cytokine/chemokines - recruit neutrophils & other leukocytes

Question 43

what are large granular lympocytes? (NK)

Answer 43

- natural killer cells | - effector cells of innate immune response

Question 44

what are the large granular lymphocytes?

Answer 44

- kills virus-infected cells by releasing lytic granules

Question 45

what are small lymphocytes?

Answer 45

- involved in adapted immune response

Question 46

what are small lymphocytes functions?

Answer 46

- cytokine production - antigen production - antibody production - memory - cytotoxicity

Question 47

what are the other 2 types of lymphocytes?

Answer 47

1) B lymphocytes | 2) T lymphocytes

Question 48

what are B lymphocytes?

Answer 48

humoral immunity

Question 49

what is the function B lymphocytes?

Answer 49

- produce antibodies | - responsible to antibody-mediated immunity

Question 50

what are T lymphocytes?

Answer 50

cell-mediated immunity

Question 51

what is the function of T lymphocytes?

Answer 51

- do NOT product antibodies | - directly destroy specific target cells by releasing chemicals that punch holes in victim cell

Question 52

where are granulocytes & monocytes produced?

Answer 52

in bone marrow

Question 53

how are most new lymphocytes produced?

Answer 53

cell division