blood & immune system lecture 2 Flashcards
what are antigens?
large complex molecules trigger immune response against itself when itself when enters body
what are the 4 types of ABO blood types?
A
B
AB
O
what is a transfusion reaction?
transfusion reaction resulting from type B blood transfused to a recipient with type A blood
what is the antigen for blood type A?
A antigen
what is the antibodies for blood type A?
anti-B
what is the antigen for blood type B?
B antigen
what is the antibodies for blood type B?
anti-A
what is the antigen for blood type AB?
A & B
what is the antibodies for blood type AB?
no antibodies
what is the antigen for blood type O?
no antigens
what is the antibodies for blood type O?
anti-A & anti-B
what is the rhesus (Rh) blood group?
anoitgen system - CDE system: 50 group antigen, 5 primary antigen groups (D,C,E,c,e)
which allele is the most common in the Rh blood group?
D
which antigen produces the most antibodies?
D
what does Rh + mean?
D present
what does Rh - mean?
D absent = d
what are leukocytes?
mobile defense units
what are the 5 major types of circulating leukocytes?
1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils
4) monocytes
5) lymphocytes
what percentage of neutrophils make up leukocytes (WBC)?
60-70%
what percentage of eosinophils make up leukocytes?
1-4%
what percentage of basophils make up leukocytes?
0.25-0.5%
which 3 circulating leukocytes are multisegmented/polymorphonuclear granulocytes/multisegmented?
1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils
what percentage of monocytes make up leukocytes?
2-6%
what percentage of lymphocytes make up leukocytes?
25-33%
what is the second most abundant WBC in blood?
lymphocytes
how much WBC/mL?
7 million WBC/mL
how much RBC/mL?
5 billion RBC/mL
what are granulocytes?
granule containing cells
what are polymorphonuclear?
many shaped nucleus
what is the function of neutrophils?
- phagocytic specialist (cell eating)
- throw out nuclear material
- neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - trap bacteria & DNA
what is the function of eosinophils?
- kill antibody-coated parasites
- attaches to worm & kills with substance
what is the function of basophils?
- thought to play a role in parastic infections
what are the 2 types of lymphocytes?
1) large granular lymphocytes
2) small lympphocytes
what is the function of monocytes?
- phagocytosis
- antigen presentation
- cytokine production
- cytotoxicity
- kill foreign cells
what is histamine?
allergic reactions released
what is heparin?
speeds up removal of fes rom ablood fter fatty meal
what is heparin?
speeds up the removal of fat particles from blood after fatty meal
what are mononuclear agranualocytes?
single nucleau & lack granules
what are mononuclear agranulocytes cells?
single nucleus & lack granules
where do monocytes come from?
bone marrow
which leukocyte is a tissue resident?
macrophages
what is the function of macrophages?
- cell eater
- first to sense invading microorganism
- secrete cytokine/chemokines
- recruit neutrophils & other leukocytes
what are large granular lympocytes? (NK)
- natural killer cells
- effector cells of innate immune response
what are the large granular lymphocytes?
- kills virus-infected cells by releasing lytic granules
what are small lymphocytes?
- involved in adapted immune response
what are small lymphocytes functions?
- cytokine production
- antigen production
- antibody production
- memory
- cytotoxicity
what are the other 2 types of lymphocytes?
1) B lymphocytes
2) T lymphocytes
what are B lymphocytes?
humoral immunity
what is the function B lymphocytes?
- produce antibodies
- responsible to antibody-mediated immunity
what are T lymphocytes?
cell-mediated immunity
what is the function of T lymphocytes?
- do NOT product antibodies
- directly destroy specific target cells by releasing chemicals that punch holes in victim cell
where are granulocytes & monocytes produced?
in bone marrow
how are most new lymphocytes produced?
cell division
