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Micro > Blood & Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood & Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of whole blood?

A

-transport of water, solutes, cells
-temp regulation
-water balance/blood volume

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2
Q

Describe what whole blood is comprised of.

A

5-10% of body weight
-60% plasma (water, solutes)
-40% cells (RBCs, WBCs, PLTs)

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3
Q

Describe plasma/serum.

A

(Plasma has coagulation factors, serum does not - both are lipids)
-90% water
-8% proteins
-2% solutes (glucose, ions, electrolytes, etc)
proteins & solutes can be measured = can detect diseases

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4
Q

Describe blood cells, their amount, & life span.

A
  1. RBCs/erythrocytes = millions = months
  2. PLTs/platelets = hundred thousands = week
  3. WBCs/leukocytes = thousands = hours/days or years (memory cells)
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5
Q

Describe a blood smear prep.

A

H & E stain
-basophilic = acidic but stain basic (purple)
-eosinophilic = basic but stain acids (red)

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6
Q

Describe erythrocytes.

A

Function:
-carry O2 to tissue & CO2 to lungs
Shape:
-biconcave disc (birds, reptiles, camelids etc)
-flexible membrane
-high surface to volume ratio
—allows RBCs to pass through small capillaries

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7
Q

Describe the mean cell volume (MCV) of erythrocytes.

A

Dog = 70fL
Cat = 50fL
Horse = 45fL
Cow = 40fL

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8
Q

Describe fish, reptiles, amphibians, & bird erythrocytes.

A

-nucleated RBCs, WBCs, & thrombocytes (platelets)
EX: salamander, turtle, tilapia, eagle, viper

Upper circle = lymphocyte. Middle circle = thrombocyte.
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9
Q

Describe leukocytes.

A

‘WBC’ or ‘TNCC’
Function: inflammation & immune response
EX: neutrophils (heterophils), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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10
Q

Describe neutrophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.

A

‘Granulocytes’
Size: 12um diameter
Nucleus: segmented (dense purple chromatin)
Cytoplasm: pale-staining, “neutral”

Purple = mature segmented neutrophils
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11
Q

Describe heterophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.

A

Size: 12um diameter
Nucleus: segmented (dense purple chromatin)
Cytoplasm: red, rice shaped-round granules

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12
Q

Describe lymphocytes.

A

-found in blood, lymphatic circulation, lymphatic tissue
-no granules
-adaptive immune response
>humoral immunity: B cells, plasma cells
>cell mediated immunity: T cells

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13
Q

Describe lymphocytes size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.

A

Size: smaller than neutrophil (except in ruminants)
Nucleus: round-indented, dense/clumped chromatin
Cytoplasm: blue
*high N:C ratio

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14
Q

Describe monocytes.

A

-differentiate into macrophages in tissue
-mononuclear phagocytic system
>monocytes & tissue macrophages
>macrophages: spleen, liver (kupffer cells), lungs (alveolar macrophages), brain (microglial cells), bone (osteoclasts) etc
Functions:
-phagocytosis
-antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes
-iron storage & recycling

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15
Q

Describe monocytes size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.

A

Size: largest
Nucleus: round-kidney shaped, band shaped, pseudo segmented (chromatin is loose & magenta)
Cytoplasm: blue & vacuolated

Top to bottom: neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte
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16
Q

Describe eosinophils.

A

low in blood
Function: modulate delayed & immediate types of hypersensitivity reactions

17
Q

Describe eosinophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.

A

Size: similar to neutrophil
Nucleus: segmented w clumped chromatin
Cytoplasm: pale
*eosinophilic granules
>bright red/orange
>arg rich protein
>antibacterial & antiparasitic

18
Q

Describe basophils.

A

-rare in healthy animals
-seen w eosinophils
-basophilic granules:
>contain histamine & other proteins

19
Q

Describe basophils size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.

A

Size: larger than neutrophils
Nucleus: elongated, ribbon like, segmented
Cytoplasm: abundant amphophilic (lilac)
*purple granules

20
Q

What is the function of the platelets?

A

-primary hemostasis (clotting)
-primary inflammatory response

21
Q

Describe platelets size, nucleus, & cytoplasm.

A
22
Q

Describe platelets size, nucleus, & granules.

A

varies w species
Size: 2-4um diameter
Nucleus: anucleate
Granules: red-purple

Not the arrow. The little purple circles.
23
Q

Describe avian, reptilian, amphibian, & fish thrombocytes.

A

-platelets are nucleated

Center = lymphocyte. Other 2 purple circles = thrombocytes
24
Q

Describe the components of bone marrow.

A
  1. Sinusoids
  2. Stromal cells
  3. Hematopoietic cells
  4. Macrophages
25
Q

Describe sinusoids.

A

-lumen
-formed by discontinuous endothelial cells

26
Q

Describe stromal cells.

A

-support structure of bone marrow
-made of: fatty cells, reticular cells, fibers
-occupy the space between stem cells & precursor cells

27
Q

Describe hematopoietic cells.

A

‘Hemic tissue’
-stem cells (myeloid, pluripotent, lymphoid) & precursor cells

28
Q

Describe macrophages in bone marrow.

A

-store iron
-moderate hematopoiesis
-regulate bone formation

29
Q

What are the 2 macroscopic types of bone marrow?

A
  1. Red marrow:
    -rich in hematopoietic cells
    -produces all blood cells
    -stores iron
  2. Yellow marrow:
    -richer in fatty tissue
    -replaces red marrow
    -aging change
30
Q

Describe a bone marrow core biopsy.

A

-cellularity varies w age
>neonate = 100%, young = 80%, old = 25-50%
*lg arrow = boney trabeculae
*sm arrow = hematopoietic cells & adipocytes

31
Q

Bone marrow sinusoidal capillaries (picture).

A

yellow lines

32
Q

What is the definition of hematopoiesis?

A

Specialized cell precursors develop into differentiated cells of peripheral blood.

33
Q

Describe the sites of hematopoiesis (post natal) in bone marrow.

A

-proximal end of femur & humerus *
-pelvis *
-sternum *
-ribs
-vertebrae
-scapulae
-skull
(Liver & spleen = very little)
* = most common

34
Q

Describe erythropoiesis.

A

1-3 = proliferating & 4-6 maturation
1. Rubriblast
2. Prorubricyte
3. Rubricyte
4. Metarubricyte
5. Polychromatophilic
6. Mature RBC
[wright stain]

35
Q

Describe granulopoiesis.

Top half = proliferation. Bottom half = maturation.
A

-in bone marrow
-regulated by (colony stimulating factors - CSF) & inflammatory cytokines

36
Q

Describe the bone marrow aspirate maturation stages of granulopoietic cells.

A
  1. Myeloblast
  2. Promyelocyte
  3. Myelocyte
  4. Metamyelocyte
  5. Band neutrophil
  6. Segmented neutrophil
37
Q

Describe thrombopoiesis. (Megakaryocytic maturation)

A

*lg arrow = megakaryoblast
*arrowhead = promegakaryocyte
*small thin arrow = mature megakaryocyte

38
Q

Describe lymphopoiesis.

A

*arrows = plasma
* arrowheads = small lymphocytes

Micro (18 decks)

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