Blood Groups

Question 1

What are the blood groups, antigens, antibodies and the blood people can receive

Answer 1

AB, AB, - , All
A, A, B, A/O
B, B. A, B/O
O, - , A B, O

Question 2

How is blood group determined

Answer 2

Codominance
A and B = dominant
O = recessive

Question 3

Describe how the Rh factor is expressed

Describe any problems that can arise

Answer 3

D gene = dominant
-85% = Rh+

D antigen antibodies not normally found in Rh
Needs sensitization (Ph+ child and Rh- mother)

Can result in haemolytic disease in next preganayc if 2nd child also Rh+ as antibodies have been made

Question 4

Complications of blood transfusions

Answer 4

Blood type incompatibility
Transmission of infection
Iron overload
Fever
Impaired clotting

Question 5

Describe blood type incompatibility

Answer 5

When recipient has a, b, anti D antibodies, donor cells with these antigens agglutinate and haemolyse

If accumulation of bilirubin increases, leads to hemolytic jaundice and renal failure

Donor antibodies diluted/removed so not a problem in the other way around

Question 6

Describe how infection can be transmitted via blood transfusion

Answer 6

Hepatitis
HIC
Prions
Malarial parasites

Question 7

Why can iron overload happen in blood transfusions

Answer 7

Can occur due to many transfusions

Question 8

Why can fever occur in transfusions

Answer 8

Due to transferred WBC

Question 9

Why can impaired clotting occur in transfusions

Answer 9

Due to massive transfusion with stored blood