BLOOD GASES

Question 1

→ a substance that can yield a hydrogen ion
(H+) when dissolved in wate

Answer 1

Acid

Question 2

→ Is a substance that can yield hydroxyl ions (OH-) when
dissolved in water

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

→ Relative strengths of acids and bases – their ability to
dissociate in water

Answer 3

● Dissociation Constant (K value)

Question 4

pH at which the protonated (the base) and unprotonated (the
acid) forms are present in equal concentration

Answer 4

● pKa

Question 5

→ Have pK values of less than 3.0
→ Raising the pH above the pK will cause it to dissociate and
yield a H+ (hydrogen ion)
→ Dissociates completely

Answer 5

● Strong acids

Question 6

→ Have pK values of greater than 9.0
→ Lowering the pH below the pK will cause it to release OH-
(hydroxyl ion)
→ Dissociates completely

Answer 6

Strong bases

Question 7

→ First line of defense

Answer 7

● Buffer Systems

Question 8

→ Combination of a weak acid or weak base and its salt

Answer 8

● Buffer

Question 9

▪ Resists changes in pH

Answer 9

● Buffer

Question 10

➢ Plays a role in both plasma and red blood cells

Answer 10

▪ Phosphate buffer system

Question 11

➢ Includes hemoglobin buffer system, amino acid buffers, and
plasma protein buffers

Answer 11

▪ Protein buffer system

Question 12

❖ Acts as a buffer by transporting hydrogen ions from
peripheral tissues to the lungs

Answer 12

♦ Hemoglobin buffer system

Question 13

❖ Most circulating proteins have a net negative charge,
which means that proteins are capable of binding with
hydrogen ions.
❖ If you have too much hydrogen ions inside your body, it
would indicate that your blood is acidic, the proteins will
now bind with you hydrogen ions to regulate your blood
pH

Answer 13

♦ Plasma protein buffers

Question 14

➢ considered as the main buffer system of the extracellular fluid

Answer 14

▪ Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Question 15

The following organs are the main organs which participate in the
regulation of the acid-base status in the body (2)

Answer 15

Lungs and kidney

Question 16

▪ Respiratory component

Answer 16

Lungs

Question 17

▪ Metabolic component

Answer 17

KIdney

Question 18

→ Pressure or tension exerted by CO2 gas dissolved in blood
→ An index of efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs
→ Not a measure of CO2 concentration in the blood

Answer 18

● Partial Pressure of CO2 (pCO2

Question 19

→ Total CO2 Content
→ Refers to the total concentration of CO2
in the blood
→ Consisting of ionized (HCO3-
, CO3-
, carbamino compound)
and unionized fraction (H2CO3
) and physically dissolved CO2

Answer 19

● Total Carbon Dioxide Concentration (tCO2

Question 20

→ The bicarbonate ion concentration in the blood that has been
equilibrated with CO2 at 40 mm Hg at 37
oC

Answer 20

● Bicarbonate Ion Concentration

Question 21

→ The pressure or tension exerted by oxygen gas dissolved in
arterial blood which reflects the availability of the gas in
blood but not its content

Answer 21

● Partial Pressure of O2
(pO2
)

Question 22

● index of the acidity or alkalinity of the blood
● it is inversely proportional to your hydrogen ion
concentration
→ this means that the more hydrogen ions present in the blood,
the lesser the blood pH, and vice versa

Answer 22

pH

Question 23

________ is directly proportional to the blood pH

Answer 23

Bicarbonate

Question 24

related to the acidity of the blood

Answer 24

Hydrogen

Question 25

: related to the capacity of the blood to become basic

Answer 25

Bicarbonate

Question 26

__________ will cause alterations in the rates of chemical
reactions within the cell and affect the many metabolic
processes of the body
→ Can lead to alterations in consciousness, neuromuscular
irritability, tetany, coma, and death

Answer 26

Increase H+

Question 27

● Normal: 36 – 44 nmol/L (pH 7.34 – 7.44)

Answer 27

A. MAINTENANCE OF H+

Question 28

proton donor or weak acid (H2CO3
)

Answer 28

HA