Blood Drugs

Question 1

What is a drug that affects blood cells/function? “immune stimulants”

Answer 1

Imrestor (pegbovigrastim)

Question 2

What is the MOA, use and AE effects of Imrestor?

Answer 2

MOA: pegylated bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- increase circulating neutrophils to counter neutropenia during periods of stress
PK: polyethelen glycol will decrease clearance
increase

USE: reduction of incidence of mastitis in first 30d of lactation
SC injection

AE: rare indiosyncratic hypersensitivities (vulvar swelling, dyspnea, edema)

Question 3

What is a red blood cell stimulation drug?

Answer 3

Erythropoietin (epoetin)

Question 4

What is the MOA and use of erythropoetin?

Answer 4

produced by kidney peritubular interstitial cells
injectable
USE: anemia due to chronic kidney disease, myelodysplasia, performance enhancing

Question 5

What is anti-thrombotic medication use for?

Answer 5

Prevent thrombosis but not enough to cause hemorrhage
- arterial or venous thrombosis
- pulmonary thrombosis and embolism
- DIC
End Job: convert fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 6

What anticoagulaters are used in blood collection tubes?

Answer 6

Calcium chelators (purple top)

• sodium citate, sodium oxalate, EDTA, sodium fluoride
• blood collection or storage

Heparin (green top)

• produced in mast cells
• has GAGs
• block prothrombin –> thrombin
• not used much in vet med (IV or SQ)
• lots of derivatives

Question 7

What is the MOA of dicoumarol, warfarin?

Answer 7

Interfere with vit K coagulation factors (10,9,7,2)

• long term oral admin
• dose modification based on observed prothrombin time (PT)

Question 8

what are thrombolytics? and name two drugs?

Answer 8

Destroy clot (fibrinolysis)

Streptokinase
Tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA)

Question 9

What is the MOA of antiplatelet drugs?

Answer 9

blocking thomboxane receptors on platelets

activate platelet aggregate them uses thromboxane and ADP receptors, P2Y

Question 10

What is a thromboxane inhibitor (used in human med)?

Answer 10

aspirin

Question 11

What ADP-receptor antagonist (blocks P2Y-ADP receptor) is used for IMHA?

Answer 11

clopidogrel

Question 12

What is IMHA? and the goal of IMHA drugs?

Answer 12

antibodies are attacking RBCs

suppress immune response and decrease inflammatory response

Question 13

What can be used as a primary therapy for IMHA?

Answer 13

glucocorticoids! (strong evidence)

• prednisolone/prednisone
• dexamethasone

Question 14

What can be used as a secondary therapy for IMHA?

Answer 14

can introduce at same time (weak strength)

- cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate

Question 15

What anti-platelet drug can you use for IMHA?

Answer 15

clopidogrel