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PMLS 2 > BLOOD COLLECTION EQUIPMENT, ADDITIVES, AND ORDER OF DRAW > Flashcards

BLOOD COLLECTION EQUIPMENT, ADDITIVES, AND ORDER OF DRAW Flashcards

1
Q

Methods of Blood Collection:

A

Venipuncture
Capillary Puncture or Skin Puncture
Arterial Puncture

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2
Q

 Phlebotomy Section/Area
 Where phlebotomy procedures are performed
 Typically contains
 Table for supplies
 Special chair
 Bed or reclining chair
 *Bed or padded table

A

BLOOD DRAWING STATION

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3
Q

 comfortable
 have adjustable armrests

A

PHLEBOTOMY CHAIRS

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4
Q

Make blood collection equipment portable

A

EQUIPMENT CARRIERS

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5
Q

 Easily carried
 Contain enough equipment for numerous blood draw
 “stat” or emergency situations

A

 Handheld Carriers

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6
Q

 Gliding carts made up of steel or synthetic material
 Shelves carrying adequate supplies for many patients
 Not in the room, hallway only, nosocomial infection

A

 Phlebotomy Carts

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7
Q

 One for each patient
 Non sterile, disposable latex, nitrile, neoprene,
polyethylene and vinyl
 Special gloves
 Barrier hand creams
 KEYPOINT:
 Decontamination of hands after glove removal is ESSENTIAL.

A

GLOVES and GLOVE LINERS

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8
Q

 Substances that is use to prevent sepsis
 PREVENT or INHIBIT growth and development if Microorganism
BUT DOESN’T KILL THEM
 Used to clean site prior to blood collection

A

ANTISEPTICS

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9
Q

 70% Ethyl alcohol
 70% Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)
 Benzalkonium Chloride
 Chlorhexidine gluconate
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Povidone Iodine (0.1%-1% available iodine)
 Tincture of Iodine

A

 Antiseptics used

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10
Q

 Chemical substances used to remove or kill
microorganisms on surface and instruments

A

DISINFECTANTS

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11
Q

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE dilution for nonporous surface

A

1:100

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12
Q

dilution for large amount of blood or other body fluid
contamination

A

1:10

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13
Q

 10 minutes contact time
 KEYPOINT: Fresh bleach solution should be made daily or as
needed

A

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (Household Bleach)

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14
Q

 Routine decontamination: Alcohol based sanitizers
 Detergent containing wipes for visibly soiled hand and
there’s no hand washing facilities

A

HAND SANITIZERS

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15
Q

 2x2 inches size gauze pad
 Hold pressure over the site following blood collection
procedure
 USE OF COTTON BALLS TO HOLD PRESSURE IS NOT
RECOMMENDED

A

GAUZE PADS

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16
Q

 Used to cover a blood collection site after the bleeding
has stopped
 Paper, cloth, knitted tape
 Caution: Adhesive bandages should not be used on
babies younger than 2 years of age because of
aspiration and suffocation

A

BANDAGES

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17
Q

 Where you place used needles, lancets, and other
sharp objects
 With BIOHAZARD SYMBOL
 Rigid, puncture resistant, leak proof and disposable
and have locking lids
 CAUTION: It should not be overfilled because it creates
dangers of sharps injury or other biohazard exposure

A

 NEEDLES AND SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS

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18
Q

 Leakproof plastic bags
 Transporting blood and other specimens from collection
site to the laboratory
 BIOHAZARD label and outside pocket

A

 BIOHAZARD BAGS

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19
Q

Can be performed by means of 3 different
methods:
A. Syringe method
B. Butterfly infusion method
C. Vacutainer/ETS method

A

Venipuncture

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20
Q

Venipuncture
 Equipments/Materials needed

In general:

A

Cotton/Gauze Pad, Torniquet, 70% ethyl
alcohol, needle disposal container

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21
Q

 For syringe method

A

Syringe, needles, transfer device,
tubes

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22
Q

For evacuated method-

A

Tube holder, needles,
evacuated tubes

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23
Q

 For butterfly system-

A

winged infusion set

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24
Q

Portable transillumination devices
 Transillumination?
 Inspecting organ by passing light through its wall
 Principle: Hemoglobin in the blood within the veins
absorbs the light, causing the vein to stand out as
dark lines

A

Vein locating Device

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25
Q

 Constrict the flow of blood
 Makes the vein more prominent
 Flat strip, non-latex made material
 Can be reused?
 3 to 4 inches above puncture site (7.5- 10 cm)
 Not longer than 1 minute
 Blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer)
 Obese, pediatric, geriatric

A

Torniquet

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26
Q

A. Syringe method Materials:

A

Needle
 Syringe
 Transfer device

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27
Q

 Single sample needle
 Sterile and disposable
 “ The larger the gauge number, the smaller the
needle bore and length. “

 Color coding for needles indicates the gauge

A

Needles/Hypodermic

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28
Q

ommonly used needles size

A

20-21g

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29
Q

size of needle for blood collecltion

A

21 and 22

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30
Q

sieze of needle for children

A

23

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31
Q

sed for butterfly infusion/needle

A

21-23

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32
Q

used for butterfly infusion/needle

A

21-23

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33
Q

Color coding for
needle gauges

yellow

A

20

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34
Q

21

A

green

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35
Q

22

A

black

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36
Q

23

A

blue

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37
Q

25

A

orange

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38
Q

26

A

brown

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39
Q

 1 or 1.5 inch
 ½ to ¾ inchesbutterfly needle

A

Needle length

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40
Q

PPD skin test

A

27

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41
Q

Intramuscular injections

A

25

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42
Q

Butterfly or Syringe collection

A

23

43
Q

Syringe or Evacuated system collection

A

22

44
Q

Syringe or Evacuated system collection

A

21

45
Q

Syringe or Evacuated system collection

A

20

46
Q

Ivs or Blood donation

A

18

47
Q

Ivs or Blood donation

A

18

48
Q

“ Fishing out “
 Syringe barrel that
slides over the needle
 Device that slides over
the needle after use

A

Safety cap

49
Q

used for transfering the blood from syring to evacuated tube

A

Transfer device

50
Q

A _must be vertical when tubes are
being filled in order to prevent blood in the tube from
touching the needle in the transfer device.

A

transfer device

51
Q

Winged infusion sets

A

Butterfly method/system

52
Q

Short needle with a thin
tube with attached
plastic wings
 Used for infants and
children and patients
with fragile veins (cancer
patients)
 Could be connected to
syringe or evacuated
tubes

A

Butterfly method/system

53
Q

21- or 23- gauge
 ½ to ¾ inches
 Safety device- sleeves that
slides over the needle
 5-12 inches rubber tubing

A

Butterfly method/system

54
Q

materials for __:
a. Multisample Needle/
Double-pointed needle
b. Tube holder/needle
adapter/ plastic holder
c. Evacuated tubes

A

Evacuated tube system

55
Q

 Both ends are sharp
 The tube end has a rubber
cover to prevent leakage
between tubes
 20,21,22 ( 21 and 22)
 Length: 1 to 1.5 inches
 Bevel (facing upward)

A

Multi-sample needle set/
Double pointed needle

56
Q

 Help place and remove
tubes
 Has an indentation about
¼ inch
 Grasp the same way of
holding the barrel of
syringe

A

Tube holder/Needle
adapter

57
Q

 Sodalime, Borosilicate glass
or plastic
 Tubes are indicated by
color of rubber stopper
(color-coded)
 With different additives or
anti-coagulant present
 Has vacuum inside
 Has expiration date
 Sterile

A

Evacuated collection tubes

58
Q

 Pulling air from the tube
 Draw exact volume of
blood indicated
 Loss of vacuum: fail to
properly fill with blood

KEY POINT: Tubes do
not fill blood all the way
to the stopper.

A

Vacuum

59
Q

 Improper storage
 Opening the tube
 Dropping the tube
 Needle bevel partially
out of skin

A

Causes of premature loss
of vacuum

60
Q

Preserve a specific blood constituent
 Used to improve sample quality or accelerate sample
processing
 Aid in the separation of serum from cell

A

Tube Additives

61
Q

interrupt the process of coagulation
 EDTA, Citrate, Heparin, Oxalates

A

Anticoagulants

62
Q

Prevents Glycolysis
 Sodium Fluoride

A

Anti-glycolytic

63
Q

Against coagulation of blood
 Actions:
 Chelates or precipitates Calcium
 Inhibits thrombin activity

A

Anticoagulants

64
Q

 Action: Chelates Calcium
 2 Forms: Versene and Sequestrene

 Uses: Hematology Test (CBC) and Blood Bank
 KEY POINT: Excess EDTA causes RBC to shrink and
change CBC results

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

65
Q

 Action: Combines calcium in a non-ionized form

 Uses: Coagulation studies
 FYI: Sodium Citrate in Black stoppers are used for
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A

Citrate

66
Q

 Aka Mucoitin Polysulfuric acid
 Ideal universal anticoagulant
 Naturally occurring anticoagulant
 Action: Acts as antithrombin and antithromboplastin

 Uses: BGA, Chemistry test (Stat request e.g
Electrolytes), situation that needs a fast turn around
time
 KEY POINT: Heparinized plasma is preferred over
serum for potassium tests since RBC releases potassium
as blood clots

A

Heparin

67
Q

 Action: Combines with Calcium to form an insoluble
salt.
 Temperature sensitive anticoagulant

A

Oxalates

68
Q

 Action: Forming weakly dissociated calcium
components
 Inhibits the glycolytic enzyme enolase

A

Fluoride

69
Q

 For blood culture collection
 Microbiology section
 Action:
 Anti-coagulant
 Anti-complementary
 Anti-phagocytic
 Neutralizes aminoglycoside (antibiotic)

A

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate

70
Q

 Gold Top
 Design to help isolate/ separate the serum to cell
composition
 With THIXOTROPIC POLYMER GEL

A

Serum Separator Tube

71
Q

 White Top
 In order of draw: After SST or before Heparinized tube

A

Plasma Separator Tube

72
Q

 Additive free tubes
 Mostly for clearing or discard purposes
 Yields serum sample

A

Nonadditive Tubes

73
Q

Order of Draw

A
  1. Sterile blood culture tubes- Yellow
  2. Coagulation tubes- Light blue
  3. Serum tube/ Plain tube- Red
  4. Heparin tube- Green
  5. EDTA tube- Lavander/Purple
  6. Anti-glycolytic tube/ Fluoride- Gray

“ Stop, Light is Red. Green Light, Go. “
- “ Stop, Light is Red, Stay Put. Green Light, Go.

74
Q

Transfer of additive from one tube to the next
 Occurs when:
 Blood in additive tube touches the needle during ETS
blood collection
 When blood is transferred from a syringe into ETS tube

A

Carry Over/ Cross contamination

75
Q

 Complete system for blood collection
 Blood collection tube and collection apparatus combined in a
single unit
 Either: ETS or Syringe technique

A

Combination System

76
Q

 Aka Capillary puncture or Microsampling or
Microcollection
 Length of lancet: 1.75 mm
 Depth of incision:
 Infants and children: <2.0 mm
 Adults: <2.5 mm
 Distance from skin
surface to bone or
cartilage: 1.5-2.4 mm

A

Skin Puncture

77
Q

 Stop point
 Disadvantage:
 Blade was expose after
used
 Anxiety of the patient

A

Non-retractable lancets

78
Q

 2 types:
 Automatically punctures
the skin
 Phleb pushes the blade
 Plastic device hides the
blade in a platic
holde

A

 Retractable lancets

79
Q

 Holds all the equipment necessary for proper
sample collection
 Biohazard symbol is needed to meet OSHA blood
borne standard precautions
 Always prevent contamination
 Place a towel before placing the tray on the bed of the
patient
 Get the towel after

A

Sample Collection Trays or Carts

80
Q

Which needle has the smallest bore?

A

the bigger the number the smaller the needle

eg. 23 over 25. 25 is the smallest

81
Q

An anticoagulant is an additive placed in
evacuated tubes in order to

A

Prevent the blood from clotting.

82
Q

A green-stoppered evacuated tube contains what
kind of anticoagulant?

A

Heparin

83
Q

When serum is needed for testing, blood must be
collected in which of the following colored tubes?

A

Red

84
Q

Unsterile tubes may

A

Cause false positive blood cultures
B. Infect the patient through backflow

85
Q

The torniquet should be applied how many inches
above the proposed venipuncture site?

A

3-4

86
Q

. Leaving the torniquet on a patient’s arm for an
extended length of time before drawing blood may
cause

A

Hemoconcentration

87
Q

Which of the following listed materials is not used
in syringe method of venipuncture?

A

material needed: Syringe, needles, transfer device, tubes

not neede: tube holder

88
Q

ALL BUT ONE is used to have plasma as sample.

A

orange stooper

89
Q

None

Serum/ Chemistry and
Serology

A

red glass

90
Q

Clot activator

Serum/ Chemistry and
Serology

A

Red (Plastic/Hemogard)

91
Q

K3 EDTA in liquid form Plasma/ Hematology

A

Lavander (Glass)

92
Q

K2 EDTA/spray dried Plasma/ Hematology

A

avander (Plastic)

93
Q

Spray dried K2EDTA Plasma/ Blood bank

A

Pink

94
Q

EDTA and Gel Plasma/ Molecular
diagnostic

A

White

95
Q

Sodium Citrate Plasma/ Coagulation
studies

A

Light blue

96
Q

Sodium Heparin, Na2
EDTA
Plasma/ Chemistry,
Toxicology, TDM

A

Royal blue

97
Q

Lithium Heparin, Sodium
heparin
Plasma/ Chemistry

A

Green

98
Q

Sodium fluoride, Lithium
iodoacetate
Plasma/ Glucose Testing

A

Gray

99
Q

Sodium Polyanethol
Sulfonate (SPS), Acid
Citrate Dextrose

Serum/ Microbiology
culture (SPS), HLA Typing
(ACD)

A

Yellow

100
Q

Clot activator and gel
separator
Serum/ Chemistry

A

Red/ Black, Gold,

101
Q

Sodium heparin Plasma/ Lead testing

A

Tan (Glass)

102
Q

K2 EDTA Plasma/Lead testing

A

Tan (Plastic)

103
Q

Thrombin Serum/ Chemistry

A

Orange

104
Q

*Apply__ 3-4 inches (7.5-10cm) above the selected site.

*◦Purpose:

Obstruct the return of venous blood–Distend the veins

A

tourniquet

PMLS 2 (5 decks)

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