blood cell cytochemistry

Question 1

Uses of Cytochemical Stains

Answer 1

1. Used in the study of cell differentiation and in the
   classification of acute leukemias
2. Used in the differentiation of leukocytosis and
   leukemoid reactions from genuine myeloproliferative
   disorders by the use of NAP stain
3. Used in the characterization of lymphoproliferative
   disorders
4. Used in the demonstration of free iron, Hb
   derivatives, DNA, RNA, and red cell enzymes in RBC
   and WBC

Question 2

Classifications of Cytochemical Stains

Answer 2

1. Peroxidase Stain / Myeloperoxidase Stain
2. Sudan Black B Stain
3. Stain for Esterases
4. Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction
5. Factor VIII Antibodies
6. Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) Stain
7. Acid Phosphatase (Tartrate Resistant)
8. Prussian Blue/ Perl’s Stain
9. Toluidine Blue

Question 3

In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, MPO in
granulocytes oxidize benzidine dihydrochloride
from a colorless to a reddish-brown derivative
at the site of the enzyme

Answer 3

Peroxidase Stain / Myeloperoxidase Stain

Question 4

Peroxidase Stain / Myeloperoxidase Stain results

Answer 4

Positive: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Negative: Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)

Question 5

It stains lipids, such as sterols, neutral fats,
and phospholipids because of the solubility of
the dye in lipid particles and appears dense
black

Answer 5

Sudan Black B Stain

Question 6

Sudan Black B Stain result

Answer 6

Positive: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Negative: Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)

Question 7

differentiate granulocytic from monocytic
leukemias

Answer 7

Stain for Esterases

Question 8

Stain for Esterases results

Answer 8

Positive: Granulocytic Leukemia
Negative: Monocytic Leukemia

Question 9

gives a positive reaction to polysaccharides,
mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycogen

Answer 9

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction

Question 10

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction results

Answer 10

Positive: Granulocytes Platelet
Erythroleukemia also known as the M6
Negative: Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)
Burkitt Lymphoma

Question 11

Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against
factor VIII-related antigen have given positive
results in megakaryoblastic leukemia

Answer 11

Factor VIII Antibodies

Question 12

differentiates CML from a leukemoid reaction seen
in severe infections

Answer 12

6. Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) Stain

Question 13

used
to differentiate chronic myelogenous leukemia from
leukemoid reaction.

Answer 13

LAP GRADING

Question 14

diagnostic tool for confirmation of hairy cell leukemia

Answer 14

Acid Phosphatase (Tartrate Resistant)

Question 15

• stain for iron
• it gives a positive reaction in cases of cells containing
  iron, ringed sideroblasts, and siderocytes

Answer 15

Prussian Blue/ Perl’s Stain

Question 16

differentiates basophilic leukemia and mast cell
leukemia from other diseases

Answer 16

Toluidine Blue

Question 17

positive result of Toluidine Blue

Answer 17

reddish violet